铁屑过滤+H2O2预处理难降解染料废水的研究

介绍了铁屑过滤+H2O2预处理难降解染料废水实验研究结果.采用铁屑过滤微电解法预处理难降解染料废水,当进水pH为4,停留时间为8 min时,出水BOD5/COD较原水提高0.2-0.3;若在铁屑过滤进水中加入H2O2(30%)8‰投加量,可使废水可生化性得到显著改善,有利于后续采用生化法处理.     

TiO2—Fe^3＋体系降解耐酸大红染料的研究

自制了一种模拟工业处理废水的光催化反应器,将ＴｉＯ２固定在玻璃板上,在铁离子存在的条件下,以太阳光为光源,对有机染料直接耐酸大红４ＢＳ进行了光催化降解的研究。结果表明,在实验条件下,本体系对直接耐酸大红４ＢＳ有明显的光降解作用。     

Fe/C微电解-Fenton氧化-混凝沉淀-生化法处理染料母液废水

采用Fe/C微电解-Fenton氧化-混凝沉淀-生物接触氧化法处理强酸性染料生产母液废水。结果表明,组合工艺对该强酸性母液废水具有理想的处理效果。在铁炭处理单元,当铁炭比为2.5∶1,曝气量为90 L/h,HRT=80 min时,单级色度和COD去除率分别为77.2%和48.7%,BOD5/COD升高至0.30;Fenton氧化处理单元,当30%H2O2投加量为3 mL/L,pH=3.5,HRT=80 min时,单级色度和COD去除率分别为83.6%和77.4%,BOD5/COD升高至0.48。再经过混凝沉淀和生物接触氧化处理后,废水的色度和COD总去除率可分别高于99.8%和99.2%。     

红色非硫光合细菌的生长特性研究

红色非硫光合细菌菌种从城市污水处理厂活性污泥中分离得到，对红色非硫光合细菌的生长规律及其影响因素进行研究，试验表明：在进行污水处理时所用的红色非硫光合细菌的最佳培养条件为接种量2％，pH7～8，光照强度为1500 lx，光照厌氧条件下培养3～5d。这为红色非硫光合细菌应用于染料有机化工废水处理的进一步研究提供了理论依据。     

Catalyzed degradation of disperse dyes by calcium alginate-pectin entrapped bitter gourd （Momordica charantia） peroxidase

Calcium-alginate pectin entrapped bitter gourd peroxidase (BGP) has been employed for the treatment of disperse dyes: Disperse Brown 1 (DB 1) and Disperse Red 17 (DR 17). Peroxidase alone was unable to decolorize DR 17 and DB 1. However, the investigated dyes were decolorized maximally by BGP in the presence of 0.2 mmol/L redox mediator, violuric acid (VA). A slow decrease in percent decolorization was observed when VA concentration was higher than 0.2 mmol/L which could likely be due to the high reactivity of its aminoxyl radical (> N–O.) intermediate, that might undergo chemical reactions with aromatic amino acid side chains of the enzyme thereby inactivating it. Maximum decolorization of the dyes was observed at pH 3.0 and 40°C within 2 hr of incubation. Immobilized peroxidase decolorized 98% DR 17 and 71% DB 1 using 35 U of BGP in batch process in 90 min. Immobilized enzyme decolorized 85% DR 17 and 51% DB 1 whereas soluble enzyme decolorized DR 17 to 48% and DB 1 to 30% at 60°C. UV-visible spectral analysis was used to evaluate the degradation of these dyes and their toxicity was tested by Allium cepa test. The generally observed higher stability of the bioaffinity bound enzymes against various forms of inactivation may be related to the specific and strong binding of enzyme with bioaffinity support which prevents the unfolding/denaturation of enzyme. Thus entrapped peroxidase was found to be effective in the decolorization of the investigated dyes.     

基于PMA-定量PCR选择性检测技术的病原菌消毒特性研究

建立了一种核酸染料propidium monoazide(PMA)与定量PCR技术联合选择性检测活性病原菌的技术(PMA-qPCR),以大肠杆菌作为模式菌,研究了氯和一氯胺消毒对病原菌的灭活特性.结果表明,PMA染料能够分别去除99.94%和99.99%的来自非活性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的DNA,PMA-qPCR技术能够有效区分活性菌与非活性菌;PMA-qPCR技术得到的氯和一氯胺消毒对大肠杆菌的灭活曲线符合一级动力学方程,灭活速率常数分别为 2.24 L·(mg·min)^-1和0.0175 L·(mg·min)^-1,低于平板培养法得到的灭活速率常数;当大肠杆菌的去除率达到99%时,采用PMA-qPCR技术检测需要的ct值相比于平板培养法从0.6 mg·L^-1·min上升到0.9 mg·L^-1·min(氯消毒)和从20 mg·L^-1·min上升到超过100 mg·L^-1·min(一氯胺消毒);随着ct值的升高,常规qPCR的检测结果基本不变,因此常规qPCR不能够反映氯和一氯胺消毒对病原菌的灭活效果.作为一种新的表征消毒特性的检测技术,PMA-qPCR技术有助于更为准确地评价氯和一氯胺消毒对病原菌的灭活效果.     

PTA wastewater molecular toxicity detected with gene chip

The purified terephthalic acid （PTA） petrochemical wastewater molecular toxicity detected by use of Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 GeneChip was conducted in this research. The toxic dose to male mice was 0.03 g/（kg, d） of PTA in the wastewater. The mice liver total RNA was isolated as the temple for synthesis of eDNA and then the cDNA as the temple for synthesis of cRNA. Hybridizing the cRNA with the target genes on the gene chip, there were 232 genes expression levels up-regulated and 74 genes down-regulated discovered obviously. The foremost 40 genes for both the highest and the lowest expression levels involved endogenetic steroid and hormone metabolism, immune system, the leukocyte activity and inflammation, detoxification in liver, reproduction and growth hormone, regulation immune factors of anti-tumor and anti-infection and cancer to the mice sampled. The data suggest the PTA wastewater contained over 5 aromatics and their toxicities integrated were much higher than the pure chemical PTA. And the pure chemical PTA toxicities data cannot be used to evaluate the toxicity of the PTA wastewater instead.     

铁屑法处理含染料废水中铁屑表面化学研究

采用扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱技术对铁屑法处理含染料废水中铁屑反应前后的表面进行了研究,结果表明：铁屑表面主要由Fe,C,O,S,Si以及其它构成铸铁的微量元素等组成．铁屑表面快速氧化是染料脱色的关键和前提步骤,铁屑表面铁的羟基氧化物增多是铁屑失活的重要原因．超声方法是铁屑再生方法之一,铸铁中的硫有助于染料脱色．     

海藻酸钠固化香蕉皮粉吸附染料废水

利用海藻酸钠固化农业废弃物-香蕉皮粉制备成吸附剂,以甲基紫为例,对有机染料废水进行吸附研究,考察吸附时间,温度和甲基紫/吸附剂用量比对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,该吸附剂能有效地吸附掉溶液中的甲基紫,其吸附率随温度的增加而下降,最佳吸附时间为2 h,甲基紫/吸附剂的最佳用量比为1∶5。在25℃、pH 7、甲基紫起始浓度10 mg/L,吸附剂浓度50 mg/L的条件下,吸附2 h,吸附率为92.64%,吸附量为185.3 mg/g。研究了相应的Langmuir、Freundlich吸附等温线和准一级、准二级动力学方程,结果表明甲基紫的吸附动力学数据与Freundlich吸附等温线和准二级动力学方程有更好的相关性,同时该吸附剂具有较好的重复利用率。     

染料中二噁英类化合物的分析方法研究进展

综述了染料中二噁英类化合物的研究进展,指出染料基质复杂,化学结构差异较大,其中二噁英的预处理和检测需根据染料的性质选择最佳的方法;染料中二噁英含量较高,对环境和人体健康影响较大,而原料中的氯醌类物质是其主要污染源。