2A12合金微弧氧化工艺因素的影响研究

针对2A12铝合金开展微弧氧化工艺研究,通过正交试验设计,从微观形貌、显微硬度、元素组成和相组成等方面分析了各因素对微弧氧化陶瓷膜性能的影响,并优化了2A12铝合金微弧氧化的工艺参数。结果表明,在Na2SiO3＋KOH＋添加剂的电解液中,影响2A12铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜综合性能的各因素显著顺序为：氧化时间〉电流密度〉频率〉KOH含量〉Na2SiO3含量〉添加剂含量;在优选工艺条件下制备的陶瓷膜层厚度可达120μm以上,致密层的显微硬度HV最高达1800以上。     

煤泥水絮凝沉降性能影响因素试验研究

以上清液浊度和沉降面高度作为表征煤泥水沉降性能指标,利用正交试验设计软件--Design Expert software设计研究了粘土类型、pH值、絮凝剂用量、水质硬度和煤变质程度五个因素对煤泥水静态澄清效果的影响.结果表明:粘土类型是影响絮凝效果最显著的影响因素,在相同条件下,含高岭石的煤泥水比含蒙脱石的煤泥水上清液浊度大,而沉降面高度小.pH值越大,上清液浊度越小,但沉降面高度越高;絮凝剂用量对两个指标影响都不显著,其值越大,上清液浊度越小,沉降面高度越大;提高水质硬度有利于降低上清液浊度和沉降面高度,但影响不显著;煤变质程度对两种指标都没有影响.     

屠宰项目环评中废水治理技术的应用与评价

屠宰废水作为一种高浓度有机氨氮废水,是重要的有机污染源和疾病传染源,采用气浮-厌氧-兼氧-好氧-消毒组合处理工艺,实践表明:该工艺具有处理效果好、出水水质稳定、操作简便等优点,出水水质达到了<肉类加工工业污染物排放标准>(GB13457-92)中畜类屠宰加工一级排放标,可在同类环评项目中推荐采用.     

可见光-芬顿降解甲基橙效果的正交试验研究

在节能灯光照条件下,Fe2+/C2O2-4/H2O2体系对甲基橙具有较好的降解效果,并通过正交试验得出降解1 000 mL 100 mg/L甲基橙溶液的最佳条件是:H2O2浓度为7.8 mmol/L,Fe2+浓度为0.8 mmol/L,草酸钠浓度为74.6 mmol/L,反应时间60 min.     

微波协同活性炭催化氧化处理含酚废水的研究

在微波辐射条件下,采用活性炭处理含酚废水。结果表明微波催化氧化工艺对苯酚的处理效果明显优于单纯活性炭吸附与单纯微波辐射工艺。通过正交实验得出微波处理的最佳条件：活性炭用量1.0 g,微波功率600 W,微波时间3 min。在该条件下,选用2号活性炭对苯酚浓度为600 mg/L的模拟水样进行处理,含酚废水中的酚去除率达到67.79%。     

岩溶石漠化地区表土孢粉与植被关系的影响因素研究——以重庆南川区南平镇为例

根据表土孢粉分析和植被样方调查,重庆南平养兔场内外5个不同方位的表土孢粉组合较好地揭示了该区孢粉组合特点及其与植被的关系。通过对该区表土孢粉组合差异性的研究,探讨了影响表土孢粉与现代植被对应关系的主要因素,即外来孢粉、孢粉产量、孢粉保存和孢粉鉴定等。运用LuoPacias孢粉鉴定系统将孢粉鉴定到种,共132种,为在这一地区开展第四纪古植被、古气候和古环境等研究提供参考性依据。     

An innovative membrane bioreactor and packed-bed biofilm reactor combined system for shortcut nitrification-denitrification

An innovative shortcut biological nitrogen removal system, consisting of an aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) and an anaerobic packed-bed biofilm reactor (PBBR), was evaluated for treating high strength ammonium-bearing wastewater. The system was seeded with enriched ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and operated without sludge purge with a decreased hydraulic retention time (HRT) through three phases. The MBR was successful in both maintaining nitrite ratio over 0.95 and nitrification efficiency higher than 98% at a HRT of 24 h. The PBBR showed satisfactory denitrification efficiency with very low effluent nitrite and nitrate concentration (both below 3 mg/L). By examining the nitrification activity of microorganism, it was found that the specific ammonium oxidization rate (SAOR) increased from 0.17 to 0.51 g N/(g VSS·d) and then decreased to 0.22 g N/(g VSS·d) at the last phase, which resulted from the accumulation of extracellular polymers substances (EPS) and inert matters enwrapped around the zoogloea. In contrast, the average specific nitrite oxidization rate (SNOR) is 0.002 g N/(g VSS·d), only 1% of SAOR. Because very little Nitrobactor has been detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), it is confirmed that the stability of high nitrite accumulation in MBR is caused by a large amount of AOB.     

基于博弈论组合赋权的航道水域通航安全评价

为有效降低航道水域通航过程中发生事故的风险,将组合赋权方法应用于航道水域通航安全评价中.通过调研和查阅资料确定了航道通航安全评价指标体系,基于该指标体系建立了基于博弈论组合赋权法的航道水域通航安全评价模型.利用博弈论将层次分析法、熵权法、可拓学3种方法计算所得权重进行最优组合,兼顾专家决策者的主观属性及数据蕴含的不确定性和动态可拓性,然后基于可拓学关联度的概念对航道关于各评价等级的关联关系进行综合评价,得到最终评价结果,并对计算结果从权重角度进行灵敏度分析,考察结果的稳定性和可靠性.最后,以宁波-舟山港为例,选取部分航道对该安全评价模型进行验证,结果表明该评估模型合理、有效.     

Pretreatment of heterocyclic pesticide wastewater using ultrasonic/ozone combined process

Ultrasonic/O3 combined process was employed to pretreat heterocyclic pesticide wastewater for increasing biodegradability and reducing biological toxicity. Influences of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, probe diameter, initial pH and O3 dosage on the COD removal were studied. The results showed that the ultrasonic/O3 process significantly improved the biodegradability and reduced the biological toxicity of the wastewater. The ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.03 to 0.55 and the EC50 increased from 11% to 52% under ultrasonic/O3 treatment. Low ultrasonic frequency brought better COD removal. Initial pH was found to have a high influence on the COD removal and alkaline conditions were more favorable. The influences of ultrasonic power and probe diameter were small. With an increase in O3 dosage, COD removal was e ectively improved. The optimal operational parameters for the combined process on COD removal were ultrasonic frequency 20 kHz, initial pH 9.00, ultrasonic power 300Wand dosage of O3 454.8 mg/(L min), under which the e ciency of COD removal reached 67.2%.     

太阳能在农村生活污水处理中的应用

结合农村生活污水处理的现状及处理过程中可能出现的问题,将太阳能技术与传统土地渗滤工艺相结合应用于农村生活污水治理工程,保证水质达到排放标准并能延长工程的使用年限。此外文章还介绍了利用太阳能应用的工艺流程、创新点与应用优势及应用前景。