广州港口船舶废弃物接收现状及建议

船舶废弃物的接收和处理是港口运作中遇到的普遍问题，主要表现为接收设施的不足、接收手段的落后上。文中以广州港为例，对中国港口船舶废弃物接收策略提出了建议。     

太阳电池阵等离子体环境下功率泄漏试验研究

目的确定太阳电池空间等离子环境下的功率泄漏特性参数。方法在地面模拟等离子环境下,测量太阳电池阵收集电流随偏置电压的变化规律,再根据计算模型估算太阳电池阵空间环境下的功率泄漏数值。结果太阳电池收集电流随偏置电压的增大而增大,达到一定阈值后,发生收集电流突变现象,实际测试电流值大于100 mA,功率泄漏百分比大于14.3%。辉光放电伴随收集电流突变过程,等离子体鞘层从太阳电池的导体部分扩展到介质部分;收集电流突变发生后,测量电池暗特性,未发现明显损伤。结论针对未来高电压大功率太阳电池阵,应采用功率泄漏试验,检验其功率泄漏特性,建议综合考虑多方面的因素规避发生收集电流突变风险。     

Occurrence and fate of antibiotics in advanced wastewater treatment facilities and receiving rivers in Beijing,China

The occurrence and removal of 13 antibiotics were investigated in five wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） with advanced wastewater treatment processes in Beijing, China. Most of the target antibiotics were detected in the secondary and tertiary effluents, with the concentrations of 4.8-1106.0 and 0.3-505.0ng·L^-1. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics showed relatively high concentrations in all samples （782-1814ng·L^-1）. Different tertiary treatment processes showed discrepant antibiotics removal performances. Ozonation process was found more effective in removing target antibiotics compared to the coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation process and sand filtration process. Investigation of the target antibiotics in three typical urban rivers in Beijing was carried out to understand antibiotics occurrence in surface water environment. Eight antibiotics were detected in the studied rivers, with highest concentration of antibiotics in the fiver which was mainly replenished by reclaimed water. This study showed the necessity of employing more effective advanced treatment facilities to further reduce the discharge amount of antibiotics.     

基于双方等风险的元器件筛选批次合格判据研究

目前国际电工组织（IEC）及美军发布的标准中集成电路、混合集成电路及半导体分立器件均基于批次允许不合格率（LTPD）进行抽样，一般控制使用方风险为10%。这些标准将元器件缺陷样本数限制在25个，若超过则没法判定批次是否合格。根据美军标中抽样方案中缺陷数小于等于1时，对生产方来说风险太大，而缺陷数大于等于10时，对生产方风险接近零。元器件筛选一般为100%进行检测,其批次样本量与标准中最小样本量往往有出入。目前航空领域二次筛选规范规定的元器件允许不合格率（PDA）要求一般为15%，国内元器件很多厂家对PDA理解有偏差，将批次缺陷比例的观测值与PDA要求值直接进行比较，进一步放宽了要求。针对以上问题将美军标及国军标中的抽样方案进行了修正，提出了基于泊松分布的双方风险均等的筛选方案,并给出了涵盖所有缺陷数的合格判据。