松藻矿区煤层气利用对温室气体减排的贡献

温室效应和全球变暖已经引起了世界各国的普遍关注,减少二氧化碳等温室气体的排放已成为大势所趋。开发和利用煤层气不仅可避免资源的浪费,还可减少温室气体排放、改善大气环境。本文结合重庆市松藻矿区蝶层气开发利用情况,分析评价了松藻矿区煤层气利用对温室气体减排的贡献。结果表明,煤层气利用具有显著的环境效益和经济效益。     

关于技术转让与发展中国家温室气体控排的研究

本文综述了通过国际贸易、外商直接投资、官方发展援助和全球环境基金发生的国际技术扩散对发展中国家能源效率和温室气体排放影响的相关研究,文献调研表明这4种技术转让途径的确能够促进能效技术的扩散,然而技术扩散是否带来了可测量的温室气体减排量以及这4种机制分别对东道国气候绩效的总体影响依然是一个有待探索的课题.     

Mass transfer in the absorption of SO2 and NOx using aqueous euchlorine scrubbing solution

Attempts have been made to generate euchlorine gas by chlorate-chloride process and to utilize it further to clean up SO2 and NOx from the flue gas in a lab scale bubbling reactor.Preliminary experiments were carried out to determine the gas and liquid phase mass transfer coefficients and their correlation equations have been established.Simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx from the simulated flue gas using aqueous euchlorine scrubbing solution has been investigated.Euchlorine oxidized NO into NO2 completely and the later subsequently absorbed into the scrubbing solution in the form of nitrate.SO2 removal efficiency of around 100% and NOx removal efficiency of around 72 % were achieved under optimized conditions.Mass balance has been confirmed by analyzing the sulfate, nitrate, euchlorine and chloride ion using ion chromatograph/auto-titrator and comparing it with their corresponding calculated values.     

生物质燃料比一般燃料效益更佳

根据美国的研究,与将粮食转变成乙醇注入汽车燃料箱相比,由农作物废料转换为电力的生物质燃料效益更佳。此项研究发现。由作物一旦转换成电力可使汽车跑得更远,排放较少量的温室气体。     

数字

麦肯锡的研究表明,通过一系列的政府政策和行业举措,中国已经在过去15年里持续提高了经济领域的“碳效率”,将每单位GDP的二氧化碳和其它温室气体排放量平均每年减少了4.9％,而在美国和德国,这一数字仅为1．7％和2．7％。     

化学发光法检测空气中NO_2研究

以0.2%的三乙醇胺水溶液作为二氧化氮吸收液,将空气中二氧化氮转化为亚硝酸盐,进而测出空气中二氧化氮的浓度。通过实验发现,进样方式、载流速度、硫酸浓度、溴酸钾浓度和酸性铬蓝K的浓度对该体系的发光强度都有影响,确定了体系的最优条件,建立了标准曲线,亚硝酸根的浓度在6.0×10-9～1.0×10-5mol/L范围内分段有很好的线性关系,检出限为8.5×10-11mol/L。对1.0×10-8mol/L和1.0×10-6mol/L的亚硝酸根进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差分别为1.8%和2.2%。用该方法对氧化剂实验室空气中的二氧化氮含量进行了检测并进行标准加入和回收实验,回收率在95%～104%之间,该法可用于大气环境中的NO2测定。     

煤田火区温室气体通量测量方法研究进展

为提高煤田火区温室气体通量测量的准确性,科学制定温室气区减排措施,笔者对国内外煤田火区温室气体测量方法进行梳理,对比分析各种测量方法的原理、优缺点和适用范围等,提出测量方法存在的问题及以后的研究方向。研究表明:目前所用的测量方法存在测量精度低、连续性差、假设理想化等缺陷,检测设备的改进应朝着能适应当地地表高温环境并能实现连续监测的方向发展,测量方法应更注重和新技术的结合。     

Carbonaceous aerosols in PM10 and pollution gases in winter in Beijing

An intensive observation of organic carbon (OC) and element carbon (EC) in PM10 and gaseous materials (SO2, CO, and O3,) was conducted continuously to assess the characteristics of wintertime carbonaceous aerosols in an urban area of Beijing, China. Results showed that the averaged total carbon (TC) and PM10 concentrations in observation period are 30.2±120.4 and 172.6±198.3 μ/m3, respectively. Average OC concentration in nighttime (24.9±19.6 μ/m3) was 40% higher than that in daytime (17.7±10.9 μ/m3). Average EC concentrations in daytime (8.8±15.2 μ/m3) was close to that in nighttime (8.9±15.1 μ/m3). The OC/EC ratios in nighttime ranging from 2.4 to 2.7 are higher than that in daytime ranging from 1.9 to 2.0. The concentrations of OC, EC, PM10 were low with strong winds and high with weak winds. The OC and EC were well correlated with PM10, CO and SO2, which implies they have similar sources. OC and EC were not well correlated with O3. By considering variation of OC/EC ratios in daytime and night time, correlations between OC and O3, and meteorological condition, we speculated that OC and EC in Beijing PM10 were emitted as the primary particulate form. Emission of motor vehicle with low OC/EC ratio and coal combustion sources with high OC/EC ratio are probably the dominant sources for carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing in winter. A simple method was used to estimate the relative contribution of sources to carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing PM10. Motor vehicle source accounts for 80% and 68%, while coal combustion accounts for 20% and 32% in daytime and nighttime, respectively in Beijing. Averagely, the motor vehicle and coal combustion accounted for 74% and 26%, respectively, for carbonaceous aerosols during the observation period. It points to the motor vehicle is dominant emission for carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing PM10 in winter period, which should be paid attention to control high level of PM10 in Beijing effectively.     

加拿大西北油田试井分离器厂房爆炸事故

介绍了试井分离器厂房内可燃气体积聚爆炸事故的经过,分析了事故发生的直接原因和间接原因,并提出了相应的改进建议.     

炼化装置挥发性有机物检测方法介绍

结合石油化工行业生产的实际,介绍一种炼化装置挥发性有机物检测方法,并依据EPA的计算方法对装置的挥发性有机物的泄漏量进行了估算.