Spatial distribution of aerosol pollution based on MODIS data over Beijing, China

With the help of regression analysis,the relationships were detected between aerosol's contribution to apparent reflectance(ACR) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)on board Terra and hourly PM_(10)mass concentration measured at 30 ground-based locations in Beijing for the August of 2003 and 2004.It was shown that there was a good correlation between the ACR and PM_(10)(linear correlation coefficient,R=0.56).On the basis of this relationship,spatial distribution and possible sources of PM_(10)derived from MODIS were analyzed and two frequently heavily-polluted regions were found,namely downtown of the city and the district near Xishan Mountain.These two regions coincidently are also urban heat island centers.The foundings of this paper will be greatly useful for environmental monitoring and urban planning for Beijing,especially for the 2008 Olympic game to be held in Beijing.     

Sludge concentration dynamic distribution and its impact on the performance of UNITANK

UNITANK is a biological wastewater treatment process that combines the advantages of traditional activated sludge process and sequencing batch reactor, which is divided into Tank A, B and C. In this study, the sludge distribution and its impact on performance of UNITANK were carried out in Liede Wastewater Plant （WWTP） of Guangzhou, China. Results showed that there was a strong affiliation between Tank A and B of the system in sludge concentration distribution. The initial sludge concentration in Tank A could present the sludge distribution of the whole system. The sludge distribution was mainly influenced by hydraulic condition. Unsteady sludge distribution had an impact on variations of substrates in reactors, especially in decisive reactor, and this could lead to failure of system. Settler could partially remove substrates such as COD and NO3-N, but there was adventure of sludge deterioration. The rational initial sludge concentration in Tank A should be 4000-6000 mg/L MLSS.     

Modeling of air quality with a modified two-dimensional Eulerian model： A case study in the Pearl River Delta （PRD） region of China

A modified two-dimensional Eulerian air quality model was used to simulate both the gaseous and particulate pollutant concentrations during October 21-24, 2004 in the Pearl River Delta （PRD） region, China. The most significant improvement to the model is the added capability to predict the secondary organic aerosols （SOA） concentrations because of the inclusion of the SOA formation chemistry. The meteorological input data were prepared using the CALMET meteorological model. The concentrations of aerosol-bound species such as NO3^-, NH4^＋, SO4^2-, and SOA were calculated in the fine particle size range （〈2.5 μm）. The results of the two-dimensional model were compared to the measurements at the ground level during the PRD Intensive Monitoring Campaign （IMC）. Overall, there were good agreements between the measured and modeled concentrations of inorganic aerosol components and O3. Both the measured and the modeled results indicated that the maximum hourly O3 concentrations exceeded the China National Air Quality Standard. The predicted 24-h average SOA concentrations were in reasonable agreement with those predicted by the method of minimum OC/EC ratio.     

Impacts of converting from leaded to unleaded gasoline on ambient lead concentrations in Jakarta metropolitan area

Total suspended particulate mater （TSP） concentrations were monitored for one year from July 2000 and for one year from April 2003 in Jakarta City. Thirteen elemental TSP components, aluminum （Al）, sodium （Na）, iron （Fe）, lead （Pb）, potassium （K）, zinc （Zn）, titanium （Ti）, manganese （Mn）, bromine （Br）, copper （Cu）, chromium （Cr）, nickel （Ni）, and vanadium （V） were analyzed by a sequential X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Al, Na, Fe, K, and Pb were major components at most of the sampling locations in 2000. However, only Pb in 2003 dramatically decreased to one tenth. The phase-out of leaded gasoline began on July 1, 2001 in Jakarta City and lead content in gasoline decreased to one tenth, too. The decrease in Pb concentration was a result of the phase-out of leaded gasoline, as lead emissions mainly are exhaust gas from vehicles.     

4,4'-DDT全生命周期暴露对大型溞(Daphnia mag-na)生长、生殖、心率、行为、存活及基因转录的影响

大型溞(Daphnia magna)慢性毒性测试的毒理学数据是美国环境保护局水质基准(water quality criteria,WQC)制定中非常重要的数据来源,用以推导能有效保护水生生物的化学污染物浓度阈值.以往的研究表明,在部分生命周期暴露的基础上得出的最低观察效应浓度(lowest observed effe...     

华中地区吸收性气溶胶时空分布特征及类型研究

利用2005-2019年OMI-OMAERUV L2气溶胶数据集,研究了近15年华中地区吸收性气溶胶指数(UVAI)的时空分布特征和主导气溶胶类型,探究下垫面变化和人为及气象因素的影响.结果表明:①在时间分布上,华中地区UVAI的年际变化整体呈波动上升趋势;2005-2008年UVAI波动下降,20092013年逐年增...     

TiO2气溶胶快速去除空气中的芥子气模拟剂

在自制反应器内,通过喷射法将纳米TiO_2分散成气溶胶形式,用以降解空气中的芥子气模拟剂二乙基硫醚(DES)。利用自行设计的一套气溶胶沉降行为评价装置,对TiO_2气溶胶的释放条件进行了优化。系统研究了相对湿度、反应温度、光强、催化剂加入量、反应物浓度等因素对DES降解速率和彻底矿化速率的影响。结果表明:TiO_2气溶胶对2.80 mg/L(近似芥子气快速致死浓度)DES降解的半衰期由涂覆型TiO_2的34.5 min缩短至8.5 min;TiO_2气溶胶光催化降解DES的最佳相对湿度为35%,此时CO_2最快生成速率可达34.64μg/(L·min),150 min内彻底矿化比例达66.1%;对于1.5 L反应器,催化剂加入量为30 mg时降解DES的量效比达到最佳状态;TiO_2气溶胶光催化适用于含低浓度DES空气的快速净化。     

长沙市冬季人行道PM2.5污染特征及影响因素

了解不同气象条件下城市人行道细颗粒物(PM_2.5)时空分布特征对于指导城市环境评价及街道空间规划布局具有重要意义。选取长沙市车流量及人流量较大的4条道路旁0、5、10 m处的人行道,在冬季晴天、阴天和大风天开展PM_2.5质量浓度、风速、温度及相对湿度监测,探讨PM_2.5分布特征与气象因子的关系。结果表明:冬季晴天、阴天及大风天的人行道PM_2.5质量浓度变化呈现双峰双谷特征,峰值均出现在06:00—08:00,其次为18:00—20:00,谷值出现在14:00—16:00及22:00—24:00;距离机动车道10m处的人行道PM_2.5含量低于机动车道旁(即距离机动车道0 m)的人行道PM_2.5含量,这种差异在大风天气下更为显著;人行道PM_2.5质量浓度与温度、风速呈显著负相关关系,与空气湿度呈显著正相关关系,低温不利于PM_2.5扩散,但在大风天温度对PM_2.5的影响极小,风对PM_2.5含量的变化影响极大,在远离机动车道的人行道更为显著,而高湿度天气有利于PM_2.5的凝结。低温、高湿天气下06:00—08:00、18:00—20:00人行道PM_2.5质量浓度较高,大风对PM_2.5质量浓度具有一定削减作用,早晚高峰减少人行道洒水以降低空气湿度,有利于PM_2.5质量浓度的降低,减少PM_2.5积累。     

光氧催化技术应用于定型机有机废气处理研究

本文以某纺织染整厂为例,探索在原有处理系统基础上加装光氧催化技术处理定型机废气异味的效果.利用国标方法对传统定型机废气处理设施加装光氧催化前后进行跟踪监测,监测指标为非甲烷总烃、臭气浓度,监测结果显示加装光氧催化前后非甲烷总烃浓度分别下降68.7％和51.9％,臭气浓度下降52.3％和84.7％,"臭味"明显减轻.定型...     

近30年鄱阳湖营养盐时空异质性演变趋势研究

为了分析鄱阳湖水体的水质变化特征以及预测鄱阳湖水质演变趋势,以鄱阳湖为研究区域,基于1988至2018年长序列野外实测数据,分析了近30年来鄱阳湖营养盐浓度特征.运用重标极差分析法,定量评估了各主要控制点位演变趋势特征;并采用Pearson系数计算各控制点位营养盐负荷的相关性特征.结果表明:(1)鄱阳湖营养盐浓度随时间...