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991.
Response of soil catalase activity to chromium contamination 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The impact of chromium(III) and (VI) forms on soil catalase activity was presented. The Orthic Podzol, Haplic Phaeozem and Mollic
Gleysol from di erent depths were used in the experiment. The soil samples were amended with solution of Cr(III) using CrCl3, and
with Cr(VI) using K2Cr2O7 in the concentration range from 0 to 20 mg/kg, whereas the samples without the addition of chromium
served as control. Catalase activity was assayed by one of the commonly used spectrophotometric methods. As it was demonstrated
in the experiment, both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) have an ability to reduce soil catalase activity. A chromium dosage of 20 mg/kg caused the
inhibition of catalase activity and the corresponding contamination levels ranged from 75% to 92% for Cr(III) and 68% to 76% for
Cr(VI), with relation to the control. Catalase activity reached maximum in the soil material from surface layers (0–25 cm), typically
characterized by the highest content of organic matter creating favorable conditions for microorganisms. 相似文献
992.
操作条件对Cu-Ce/FSC催化剂性能影响的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cu-Ce/FSC是一种过渡金属和稀土元素复合的双组分负载型催化剂,实验中将其应用于模拟印染废水的催化湿式氧化处理技术中,考察操作条件对催化剂的性能(包括以COD去除率表示的活性以及以反应终点出水中Cu溶出浓度表示的稳定性)的影响。实验结果表明:催化剂的活性随着氧分压、反应温度以及催化剂用量的增大而呈现升高的趋势;催化剂的稳定性随着氧分压的升高而降低,随着进水pH值、反应温度以及催化剂用量的增加而呈现先降低后升高的趋势;随着进水在酸性条件下pH的降低以及在碱性条件下pH的升高,催化剂的活性增强。 相似文献
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996.
使用宽范围颗粒粒径谱仪(WPS)对2015年1月和4月南京北郊大气气溶胶数浓度进行观测,使用多路径粒子剂量测量模型(MPPD)v.3.04模式估算不同空气质量指数(AQI)级别下、休息与运动状态下,细粒子在人体呼吸系统不同部位的沉积分数(DF)和沉积数浓度.结果发现,核模态和爱根核模态DF在休息和运动状态下近似,积聚模态DF在运动时是休息时的2.49倍.肺部对核模态和爱根核模态总沉积分数(TDF)贡献最大,休息时约占48.17%,运动时约占54.23%,头部对积聚模态TDF贡献最大,休息时约占41.23%,运动时约占80.47%.冬季人体内颗粒物沉积数浓度明显低于春季,各部位中总沉积数浓度大小为:肺部气管支气管头部.与休息时相比,运动时肺部核模态沉积增多,气管及支气管和头部积聚模态沉积增多,且头部表现出空气质量越差,运动较休息增长越多的特点.地区间DF的差异主要由于生理参数不同,沉积数浓度的差异主要由于当地环境中粒子数浓度不同. 相似文献
997.
ZHAO Guangying LIU Jingshuang WANG Yang DOU Jingxin DONG Xiaoyong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(10):1393-1399
An experiments were carried out with treatments differing in nitrogen supply (0, 5 and 15 g N/m2) and CO2 levels (350 and 700 μmol/mol) using OTC (open top chamber) equipment to investigate the biomass of Calamagrostis angustifolia and soil active carbon contents after two years. The results showed that elevated CO2 concentration increased the biomass of C. angustifolia and the magnitude of response varied with each growth period. Elevated CO2 concentration has increased aboveground biomass by 16.7% and 17.6% during the jointing and heading periods and only 3.5% and 9.4% during dough and maturity periods. The increases in belowground biomass due to CO2 elevation was 26.5%, 34.0% and 28.7% during the heading, dough and maturity periods, respectively. The responses of biomass to enhanced CO2 concentrations are differed in N levels. Both the increase of aboveground biomass and belowground biomass were greater under high level of N supply (15 g N/m2). Elevated CO2 concentration also increased the allocation of biomass and carbon in root. Under elevated CO2 concentration, the average values of active carbon tended to increase. The increases of soil active soil contents followed the sequence of microbial biomass carbon (10.6%) > dissolved organic carbon (7.5%) > labile oxidable carbon (6.6%) > carbohydrate carbon (4.1%). Stepwise regressions indicated there were significant correlations between the soil active carbon contents and plant biomass. Particularly, microbial biomass carbon, labile oxidable carbon and carbohydrate carbon were found to be correlated with belowground biomass, while dissolved organic carbon has correlation with aboveground biomass. Therefore, increased biomass was regarded as the main driving force for the increase in soil active organic carbon under elevated CO2 concentration. 相似文献
998.
ZHAO Changwei ZHANG Jingbo LUAN Zhaokun PENG Xianjia REN Xiaojing 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(10):1342-1346
A novel membrane distillation concentration method was used to prepare high concentration polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with high content of Alb or Alc. 2.52 mol/L PACl1 with 88% Alb and 2.38 mol/L PACl2 with 61% Alc were successfully prepared. Three coagulants, AlCl3, PACl1 and PACl2 were investigated on their hydrolysis behavior and speciation under different conditions. The effects of pH and dilution ratio on Al species distribution were investigated by ferron assay. Experimental result showed that pH had a significant effect on Al species distribution for the three coagulants. Dilution ratio had little effects on Alb and Alc distribution in whole dilution process except the beginning for PACl1 and PACl2. The results indicated that transformation of Al depends largely on their original composition. AlCl3 was the most unstable coagulant among these three coagulants during hydrolysis process. PACl1 and PACl2 with significant amounts of highly charged and stable polynuclear aluminum hydrolysis products were less affected by the hydrolysis conditions and could maintain high speciation stability under various conditions. 相似文献
999.
不同交通状况下道路边大气颗粒物数浓度粒径分布特征 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9
研究了不同交通状况下北京交通环境大气颗粒物数浓度的污染特征.应用扫描电迁移率颗粒粒径谱仪(SMPS)测定了2009年8月常规交通状况和2008年8月奥运交通状况下北四环道路边大气颗粒物的数浓度,分析了数浓度的粒径分布特征及其逐时变化规律,目的为辨析交通流改变对交通环境中颗粒物数浓度的影响.常规交通状况下道路边超细颗粒物(10~100nm)和10~478 nm颗粒物总粒数浓度分别为(1.15±0.49)×104个.cm-3、(1.61±0.57)×104个.cm-3,奥运交通状况下分别下降到(0.55±0.14)×104个.cm-3、(1.21±0.24)×104个.cm-3,不同粒径段中超细颗粒物数浓度降幅最高,为52.2%.常规交通状况下道路边大气中颗粒物粒数浓度呈双峰分布,峰值粒径依次为22.5 nm和113.0 nm.奥运期间由于机动车单双号限行和黄标车禁行等措施的实施,22.5 nm处颗粒物数浓度峰值消失.粒径分布逐时变化显示,常规交通状况下00:00~04:00柴油车流量高峰、11:00~13:00高温强光照和17:00~20:00交通晚高峰这3个时段内超细颗粒物数浓度较高;而奥运期间受到交通流量下降、平均车速提高等因素影响,道路边颗粒物数浓度粒径分布逐时变化趋于平缓. 相似文献
1000.
以生长在沈阳市区内的银杏及油松为试材,开顶式熏气室模拟升高O3浓度(80 nmol·mol-1)和正常大气O3浓度(≈30 nmol·mol-1)条件,采用GC-FID技术对银杏及油松的异戊二烯和7种单萜类物质的排放速率进行测定,探讨高浓度O3对单株银杏及油松挥发性有机物排放规律的影响.结果表明,O3浓度增高可以显著提高银杏和油松的异戊二烯排放速率(p<0.05),及银杏Δ3-蒈烯的排放速率(p<0.05),其分别达到1.96、 9.71和0.09 μg·(g·h)-1,而对于其他单萜物质的排放速率,2种树木对高浓度的O3熏蒸均没有表现出显著的变化;树种不同,排放的BVOCs组成也不同,自然条件下银杏排放的BVOCs以异戊二烯为主,而油松以α-蒎烯为主;高浓度O3熏蒸下油松释放的异戊二烯达到其BVOCs组成的64.73%,增加大气O3浓度改变了树木挥发性有机物的组成比例.因此,O3浓度升高对银杏及油松BVOCs排放规律具有显著影响. 相似文献