南湖富营养化主要控制因子分析

本文通过全面分析南湖湖泊系统中营养物之间、营养物与藻类生长之间的相互关系,探讨了各种环境因子对南湖富营养化的影响,结合藻类增长潜力试验结果确定南湖富营养化的主要控制因子,为南湖综合整治提供科学依据。     

不同混凝剂对流溪河水源水中藻类去除的对比

对夏秋季节广州流溪河下游含藻水源水进行了混凝沉淀试验处理,研究了硫酸铝、聚合氯化铝、聚合氯化铝铁、聚合硫酸铁等不同混凝剂及其投加量对藻类和浊度的去除效果,考察了pH值、温度对不同混凝剂去浊率和除藻率的影响,并用zeta电位及显微拍照分析方法,分别对混凝剂的静电中和能力与絮凝体的形态结构进行了初步的研究表征.结果表明,对于pH值为6~8、水温315℃、藻类和浊度分别为 1.14×107~4.10×107个/L和27~38NTU的水源水,硫酸铝的混凝效果最好,当其投加量为3.0mg/L时,其除藻率和去浊率可分别达到80%和89%,其他混凝剂混凝效果的优劣顺序依次为:聚合氯化铝铁、聚合硫酸铝、聚合硫酸铁;而对冬季的低温水源水,采用聚合硫酸铝或聚合氯化铝铁时,除藻和去浊效果较好.     

微型藻类在海水环境自净中的作用

研究了小定鞭金藻(Prymnesium parvum),标志星杆藻(Asterionella notota)和窄隙角毛藻(Chaetoceros affinis)在模拟生态条件下对生活污水细菌死亡率的影响,以及它们的细胞抽提物的抗菌作用、结果表明,小定鞭金藻和标志星杆藻对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloco-ccus aureus),粪链球菌(Streptococcus faecalis),大肠菌群(Coliform group)、以及细菌总数具有加速死亡和协同抗菌作用,小定鞭金藻及标志星杆藻的抽提物能在很低浓度下对多种细菌有不同程度的抑制作用,标志星杆藻比小定鞭金藻抗菌活力低,但抗菌范围较广,窄隙角毛藻在对生活污水细菌死亡率的影响上或其抽提物对于试验菌株的拮抗性上均无作用.     

产嗅藻类对东太湖某地原水中嗅味物质2-MIB的贡献

针对东太湖某水源地原水中嗅味物质2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)浓度过高问题,检测并鉴定原水中藻类分布及组成,考察并建立藻类与2-MIB的相关性,并利用16SrDNA基因测序方法对其中两种主要丝状藻类进行鉴定.结果表明:两个原水取水口及附近养殖区中2-MIB与藻密度呈明显的线性相关(R2>0.85),且颤藻目浮丝藻、泽丝藻以及针杆硅藻等占总藻数量的55%以上.值得注意的是,存在于藻细胞内部的2-MIB比例可达68%,水处理过程中需考虑胞内2-MIB的释放风险.此外,对养殖区周围水质数据分析表明采样点中2-MIB浓度、藻密度、氨氮浓度均和其与离养殖区距离呈负相关性,表明该地区取水口附近的水产养殖可能是导致2-MB偏高的主要原因.     

应用有效微生物群(EM)处理富营养化源水试验研究

初试条件下系统地考察了有效微生物群(EM)处理南水塘藻型富营养化源水效果。结果表明:在容器中按V(EM)∶V(源水)为1∶10000的比例投加EM菌液并辅以低速间歇式曝气处理8～9d,藻类生物量得到明显控制,水样叶绿素a,TN,TP及CODCr去除率分别达90 49%,45 25%,55 48%及82 37%,出水水质接近国家地表Ⅳ类水质标准。处理过程中,水样pH与电导率有明显的变化规律,应属2个独立的因子体系;EM微生物可改变源水氮磷营养盐水平及藻类生物量与氮 磷质量分数的相关性,成为影响或抑制藻类生长的主导因子。      

四种藻类植物对镍的耐受性及其中毒的变化

四种纯种培养的藻类植物对镍离子的耐受性不同。衣藻属(Chlamydomonas sp.)可耐受10ppm的镍;栅列藻属(Scenedesmus sp.)5ppm;颤藻属(Oscillatoria sp.)1ppm;聚球藻属(Synechococcus sp.)0.02ppm。受试的两种绿藻比蓝纯菌(蓝藻类,Cyanobacteria)对镍离子毒性的抗性大得多。本文还报道了影响这些藻类对镍的敏感性和抗性的某些环境因素,并阐明了一些抗性的机制。     

A model and experimental study of phosphate uptake kinetics in algae: Considering surface adsorption and P-stress

Phosphorus is an important limiting nutrient in many ecosystems. Consequently, there is increasing interest on phosphate uptake and algal growth due to the increasing frequency and magnitude of algal blooms induced by eutrophication. The co-existence of surface adsorbed and intracellular phosphorus pools indicate that phosphate uptake by phytoplankton is, to some extent, a two-stage kinetic process. However, almost all previous uptake models considered the internal uptake stage only and ignored the possible impact of surface adsoption. In this article, a two-stage kinetic uptake model considering both surface adsorption and P-stress on phosphate uptake by algae was constructed and compared to conventional one-stage models, based on experimental data on short-term uptake kinetics of a green algae S. quadricauda. Results indicated that with suitable parameters, the two-stage uptake model not only fit the experimental data better, but also gave more reasonable and realistic explanations to the phosphate uptake process. The results are meaningful as surface-adsorption of phosphate may a ect the uptake process of phosphate and assist in understanding realistic phosphate uptake kinetics in phytoplankton.     

Effect of filter-feeding fish silver carp on phytoplankton species and size distribution in surface water： A field study in water works

Silver carp were introduced into the pre-sedimentation pond to control excessive phytoplankton in raw water.The effectiveness of the filter-feeding silver carp on phytoplankton control and the effect of silver carp on phytoplankton community were investigated.The results showed that Microcystis could be effectively removed by silver carp stocked in the pre-sedimentation pond,and simultaneously,the concentration of single-cell phytoplankton increased obviously.The difference in phytoplankton species and singlecell phytoplankton size between in the water and in the gut of silver carp indicated that phytoplankton smaller than 5 μm,such as Chamydomonas and Platymonas,were almost not be filtered by silver carp,phytoplankton with the size between 5 and 20 μm could be partly filtered,and large size phytoplankton,mainly colony-forming Microcystis could be filtered almost completely.These filterfeeding characteristics directly caused the phytoplankton size distribution biased toward miniaturization.Therefore,this biological treatment using silver carp could be applied only to deal with groups of Microcystis-dominated eutrophic water,and was not appropriate in water bodies where single-cell micro phytoplankton were dominant.Especially when silver carp are used in water treatment,a cautious attitude should be taken based on the evaluation of phytoplankton biomass and species structure features in raw water.     

藻类有机物的特性以及对超滤膜的污染

采用凝胶色谱、亲疏水性、荧光色谱等方法研究铜绿微囊藻类有机物的特性.结果表明,铜绿微囊藻类有机物(AOM)主要由亲水性组分构成,占78%,比紫外吸光度仅为1.1 L/(mg.m).超滤膜法测定结果表明,藻类有机物中相对分子质量30 000的有机物占40%以上,并且主要由中性亲水性组分构成.荧光色谱分析表明,AOM中含有蛋白质类和腐殖质类物质.膜过滤试验表明,藻类有机物对超滤膜造成严重的通量下降,这可归结为大分子的中性亲水性组分堵塞膜孔的缘故.     

磁性离子交换树脂对原水中有机物去除效能的研究

采用磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX)预处理原水中有机物的中试试验结果表明,MIEX技术可有效地去除原水中的有机物,对UV254,DOC和CODMn的去除率分别稳定在82%、66%和50%,MIEX预处理可以有效强化混凝沉淀对有机物、藻细胞和浊度的去除.与常规工艺相比,在混凝剂聚合氯化铝投加量降低56%时,该工艺对UV254和CODMn的去除率分别为90%和71%,对藻细胞数和浊度的去除率分别为99%和95%.对溶解性有机物分级和分子量分布的测定表明,MIEX预处理主要去除混凝沉淀无法有效去除的小分子区间的亲水性和疏水性有机物,可以有效控制消毒副产物的产生,MIEX预处理与混凝沉淀联用工艺出水的三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP)和卤乙酸生成势(HAAFP)比原水降低了88%和87%.