黄山市水生维管植物资源的永续利用

研究了黄山市水生维管植物资源的种类、生境、组成特点、经济价值以及外来入侵物种的概况。结果表明,黄山地区水生维管植物约有32科57属112种（包括种下分类单位）,各科亲缘关系较远,许多科仅有1属的少数种为水生的。就其永续利用提出了建议。     

环境小知识：什么是富营养化

富营养化指的是一种氮、磷等植物的营养物质含量过多所引起的水污染现象。当过量营养物质进入湖泊、水库、海湾等缓流水体后,水生生物特别是藻类将大量繁殖,使水中溶解氧含量急剧变化,以致影响到鱼类等的生存。在自然条件下湖泊会从贫营养湖过渡为富营养湖,进而演变为沼泽和陆地。不过这是一种极为缓陵的过程。但由于人类的活动,将大量工业废水和生活污水以及农田径流中的植物营养物质排入湖泊等水体后,     

重金属污染

世界十大环境污染事件中,有两起是重金属污染损害人体健康：一是水俣病事件,1953—1956年日本熊本县水俣市因石油化工厂排放含汞废水,人们食用被汞污染和富集了甲基汞的鱼、虾、贝类等水生生物,造成大量居民中枢神经中毒,     

粘土矿物处理水体富营养化藻类的研究进展

水体富营养化是当前水环境污染急待解决的问题,因此就粘土矿物在水体富营养化的藻类处理方面进行调查,分析了水华藻类的分类及蓝藻的成因和危害,阐述了粘土矿物在水华处理方面的研究和应用。     

城市河涌污染治理技术的研究进展

随着经济的高速发展,大量污染物排放于城市河涌,导致城市河涌受到严重的污染。采取有效的技术措施治理河涌污染势在必行。结合近年来国内外河涌治理的研究成果,综述了河涌治理的主要技术的原理、特点、存在的问题,并指出目前各项技术的研究重点。     

人工重建的水生植物群落演替动态研究

水生植物群落在湖泊生态修复过程中作用显著,但目前人工重建的水生植物群落抗外界干扰能力弱,群落稳定性差,这就需要我们对人工重建的水生植物群落结构及其演替的生态学过程进行研究,从而探索受损群落的修复途径。于2003年在富营养化水体中采用物理生态工程进行了水生植物群落的重建研究,对群落演替动态变化过程进行了持续3年的观测。结果表明：水生植物之间发生生态位重叠时,其结果往往是以一个物种取代另一个物种,随着生态位重叠程度下降,种间关系和群落结构趋于稳定;而当物种空间位置错开时,生长期相近的物种共存则变为可能,因此在群落的构建过程中应当避免同时引入生态位重叠较高的物种,应注意植物间时间序列及空间结构的分离;此外还通过物种间的竞争表现,对几种常见水生植物构建的群落稳定性做了初步探讨.     

^15N isotope fractionation in an aquatic food chain： Bellamya aeruginosa （Reeve） as an algal control agent

15N isotope tracer techniques and ecological modeling were adopted to investigate the fractionation of nitrogen,its uptake and transformation in algae and snail(Bellamya aeruginosa Reeve).Different algal species were found to differ in their uptake of nitrogen isotopes.Microcystis aeruginisa Ktz.demonstrated the greatest 15N accumulation capacity,with the natural variation in isotopic ratio(δ 15N) and the isotope fractionation factor(ε,‰) being the highest among the species investigated.The transformation and utilization of 15N by snails differed depending on the specific algae consumed(highest for Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick.,lowest for M.aeruginisa).When snails was seeded in the experimental pond,the algae population structure changed significantly,and total algal biomass as well as the concentration of all nitrogen species decreased,causing an increase in water transparency.A model,incorporating several chemical and biological parameters,was developed to predict algal biomass in an aquatic system when snails was present.The data collected during this investigation indicated that the gastropods such as snails could significantly impact biological community and water quality of small water bodies,suggesting a role for biological control of noxious algal blooms associated with eutrophication.     

高效藻类塘对农村生活污水的处理及氮的迁移转化

研究了高效藻类塘系统处理高氮农村污水氮的去除及其迁移转化规律.高效藻类塘和水生高等植物塘水力停留时间分别为8 d和4 d,进水总氮和氩氮分别为17.13-133.2 mg/L和1.85～108.3 mg/L,两级高效藻类塘对总氮和氨氮的全年平均去除效率分别为29.4%和91.6%,季节处理效率排序为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季.高效藻类塘中氨氮的降解和转化途径依次为硝化作用、藻类同化吸收及其他途径、氨氮挥发;硝化作用占氨氮总转化量的50%以上;高效藻类塘内可以发生氨氮沉淀,但可忽略不计.总氮的去除以藻类同化形成颗粒有机氮经分离后得以去除为主,氨氮挥发较少.可采用藻类塘出水回流至化粪池或改进水生高等植物塘构造强化反硝化.提高系统的整体脱氮效果.     

Long-term joint e ect of nutrients and temperature increase on algal growth in Lake Taihu, China

To study how global warming and eutrophication a ect water ecosystems, a multiplicative growth Monod model, modified by incorporating the Arrhenius equation, was applied to Lake Taihu to quantitatively study the relationships between algal biomass and both nutrients and temperature using long-term data. To qualitatively assess which factor was a limitation of the improved model, temperature variables were calculated using annual mean air temperature (AT), water temperature (WT), and their average temperature (ST), while substrate variables were calculated using annual mean total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and their weighted aggregate (R), respectively. The nine fitted curves showed that TN and AT were two important factors influencing algal growth; AT limited growth as algal photosynthesis is mainly carried out near the water surface; N leakage of phytoplankton and internal phosphorus load from sediment explains why TN was the best predictor of peak biomass using the Monod model. The fitted results suggest that annual mean algal biomass increased by 0.145 times when annual mean AT increased by 1.0°C. Results also showed that the more eutrophic the lake, the greater the e ect AT had on algal growth. Subsequently, the long-term joint e ect of annual temperature increase and eutrophication to water ecosystems can be quantitatively assessed and predicted.     

重庆长江嘉陵江交汇段浮游藻类组成及变化

从重庆长江与嘉陵江交汇段水体中鉴定出浮游藻类6门,45属,85种(包括变种).种群构成比例为硅藻65.9%,绿藻20.0%,蓝藻7.0%,其它7.1%.各监测点藻类细胞密度变幅为0.95×10⁴～3.86×10⁴个/L,硅藻中的直链藻、脆杆藻、舟形藻、桥弯藻等占优势.硅藻随环境因素及水文条件等呈现一定的季节变化,其数量与水温基本呈反相关关系.