基于磷阈值的富营养化风险评价体系

选取北京市重要的地表水源密云水库作为实例研究,在识别影响富营养化发生的主要限制因子的基础上,采用外源营养盐输入对富营养化作用的流水藻类培养试验(AGP)方法,并结合数学方法拟合富营养化水体发生的阈值.研究表明,根据富营养化水体各水质指标之间的回归关系,确定出能够反映富营养化的水质指标阈值.运用水质模型模拟富营养化过程,进行基于阈值的富营养化风险评价,构建了富营养化风险评价方法体系,提供了一种基于阈值的水体富营养化风险评价的方法.     

日本湖泊水质富营养化控制措施与政策

日本在经历了20世纪50年代和60年代的严重污染事件后,强化了环境政策.在水污染控制法中从严制定了污水排放限制和水质标准,在20世纪70年代和80年代成功地减少了污染.对"日本湖泊水质保全特别措施法"的现状、流域的点源和非点源污染负荷的削减、湖泊底泥的疏浚以及采用生态工程方法减少支流负荷等流域综合管理进行了综述和探讨,并给出了进一步改善湖泊水质的建议.     

浅谈钼酸铵分光光度法测定水中总磷的经验

通过总结在实际测定总磷工作中的经验,注重实验条件、操作步骤中的细节控制,确保准确测定水中总磷含量,为评估水质好坏提供有力的依据.     

Short-term e ects of drawing water for connectivity of rivers and lakes on zooplankton community structure

During 28–29, September 2005, water was drawn from Hanjiang River and Houguan Lake to the Yangzi River via Sanjiao Lake and Nantaizi Lake in Wuhan in order to provide favorable conditions for ecosystem restoration. To evaluate the feasibility and validity of drawing water as a means of ecosystem restoration, zooplankton populations were studied 3 times (before, immediately after finishing and a month after drawing water) at seven locations from 27 Sept. 2005 to 2 Nov. 2005. Water quality in the lakes was mostly improved and zooplankton species richness decreased as soon as drawing water had finished but increased a month after drawing water. Zooplankton density and biomass was reduced in the lakes by drawing water but was increased at the entrance to Sanjiao Lake because of landform geometry change. Before drawing water, most species in Sanjiao Lake e.g., Brachionus sp. and Keratella sp. were tolerant of contamination. After drawing water oligotrophic-prone species such as Lecane ludwigii and Gastropus stylifer emerged. We conclude that drawing water could be important for improving water quality and favour ecosystem restoration. Dilution of nutrient concentrations may be an important role in the e ect.     

Three-dimensional eutrophication model and application to Taihu Lake, China

Taihu Lake, the largest freshwater shallow lake in eastern China, has suffered from severe eutrophication over the past two decades. This research developed a three-dimensional eutrophication model to investigate the eutrophication dynamics. The model fully coupled the biological processes and hydrodynamics, and also took into account the effects of sediment release and the external loads from the tributaries. After sensitivity analyses, the key parameters were defined and then calibrated by the field observation data. The calibrated model was applied to study the seasonal primary productions and its regional differences. The comparisons between model results and field data in year 2000 indicated that the model is able to simulate the eutrophication dynamics in Taihu Lake with a reasonable accuracy. From the simulation experiments, it was found that the meteorological forcing have significant influences on the temporal variations of the eutrophication dynamics. The wind-induced circulation and sediment distribution play an important role in the spatial distribution of the algae blooms.     

水绵(Spirogyra)的除磷特性及其对微藻生长的抑制作用

针对富营养化水体的除磷和微型藻类生物生长的抑制问题,研究了水绵(Spirogyra)的除磷特性及其对微藻生长的抑制作用.以蓝藻中的Microcystis aeruginosa、绿藻中的Scenedesmus为代表,研究了Spirogyra对微型藻类生物生长的抑制特性.共培养实验结果表明,Spirogyra对以上2种藻类的生长具有明显的抑制作用,对Chlorella的生长也有同样的抑制作用;共培养、Spirogyra培养液及其过滤液对Microcystis aeruginosa、Scenedesmus生长的影响等实验表明,这种抑制作用是因Spirogyra生长的代谢分泌物或其共生微生物而引起.用总磷(TP)浓度小于1.60mg·L-1的模拟湖水进行实验,发现Spirogyra在生长过程中可以有效地去除水中的磷.磷的去除效率与氮营养物成份有关,NH4 -N/NO3--N质量比为3:7时除磷效率最高.除磷过程中无机氮磷比的变化规律表明,除却Spirogyra同化除磷之外,Spirogyra生长会引起水体pH升高,从而诱导磷沉积是除磷的重要机制之一.Spirogyra对微型藻类生长良好的抑制性能以及除磷特性为富营养化水体的生物修复、水源水的保护提供了新的技术途径.     

沉水植物对受污染水体的修复机理及应用前景研究

随着工农业的发展和人口的增加,水体污染已经成为全球的环境问题,沉水植物修复是治理水体污染的主要措施之一。在总结了沉水植物对受污染水体的修复机理及其应用的基础上,对利用沉水植物净化污染水体的前景进行了展望。     

滆富营养化进程中沉水植被的演替及重建设想

沉水植被是浅水草型湖泊的生态基础,具有固定和移除氮磷营养盐、净化水质的强大功能,在滆湖富营养化进程中沉水植被逐步消亡,滆湖从草型湖向藻型湖衰退,水质急剧下降,生态功能退化。通过对滆湖近20a来水质监测及沉水植被观测成果的汇总分析．并通过滆湖大洪港沉水植被对水质影响和生物多样性维护的监测试验结果,探索滆湖富营养化进程中沉水植被的演替规律及对湖体水质影响的驱动机制。并初步提出沉水植被的重建设想。     

达赉湖水质状况及影响因素分析

达赉湖位于呼伦贝尔市内,属额尔古纳水系。根据呼伦贝尔市环境监测站对达赉湖多年水质监测结果和达赉湖国家自然保护区管理局关于达赉湖水文水情监测报告显示:2004~2007年,达赉湖为劣Ⅴ类水质,重度污染,水质无明显变化。由于受高纬度及近年来连续干旱、湖泊周边放牧、地表径流的影响,达赉湖水体呈现盐碱化和富营养化,而且进程在加速。     

瘦西湖水质时空特征及综合控制对策措施研究

分析了瘦西湖水质时空特征和富营养成因,提出浅湖型湖泊富营养化治理需加强区域水系水质管理,提出"防、活、治、修"综合治理措施.