零价铁活化过硫酸钠去除废水中的砷(Ⅴ)

砷是目前人类发现毒性最强的物质之一,水体砷污染已成为一个亟待解决的全球性环境问题.利用零价铁(zero valent iron,ZVI)活化过硫酸钠(sodium persulfate,PS)产生的硫酸根自由基(SO-4·)对As(Ⅴ)溶液的去除能力远远大于PS或ZVI本身.通过控制PS和ZVI投加量、反应温度、初始pH值、As(Ⅴ)溶液初始浓度,研究各变量对As(Ⅴ)溶液的去除效果和动力学影响.通过X射线光电子能谱分析仪(XPS)和环境扫描电镜(SEM)对反应前后的物质结构进行表征分析.结果表明,当As(Ⅴ)溶液浓度为20~100 mg·L~(-1),As(Ⅴ)溶液的去除率都大于98%,并且反应符合准二级动力学.PS能加速ZVI的腐蚀,进而促进As(Ⅴ)溶液的吸附以及与铁的氧化物/氢氧化物的沉淀和共沉淀,从而达到去除As(Ⅴ)溶液的目的.     

粉煤灰淋溶液中的有害物质对地下水污染的试验研究

粉煤灰中有害物质对土壤的影响试验表明,０．３ｍ的土层对粉煤灰淋溶水中ｐＨ值、Ｆ＾－、全盐量和总碱度有很强的吸附能力,如ｐＨ值的吸附中和量为３．７￣４０,Ｆ＾－吸附率达８７．４％,总盐量的吸附率达７０．９７％,碱度吸附率达９４．３％￣９６．４％,Ｃｒ＾６＋吸附能力较弱。由于贮灰场附近土层远大于０．３ｍ,因此粉煤灰淋溶水不会对地下水产生污染。     

Material conversion from paper sludge ash in NaOH solution to synthesize adsorbent for removal of Pb^2＋, NH^4＋ and PO4^3- from aqueous solution

Material conversion from paper sludge ash (PSA) in NaOH solution was attempted to synthesize the adsorbent for removal ofinorganic pollutants, such as Pb2+, NH4+ and PO43?? from aqueous solution. PSA of 0.5 g was added into 10 mL of 3 mol/L NaOHsolution, and then heated at 80, 120, and 160°C for 6–48 hr to obtain the product. PSA mainly composed of two crystalline phases,gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and amorphous phase. Hydroxysodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24 8H2O) was formed at80°C, and anorthite dissolved, whereas gehlenite remained una ected. Katoite (Ca3Al2SiO4(OH)8) was formed over 120°C, andhydroxycancrinite (Na8(OH)2Al6Si6O24 2H2O) was formed at 160°C, due to the dissolution of both gehlenite and anorthite. Specificsurface areas of the products were almost same and were higher than that of raw ash. Cation exchange capacities (CECs) of the productswere also higher than that of raw ash, and CEC obtained at lower temperature was higher. Removal abilities of products for Pb2+, NH4+,and PO43?? were higher than that of raw ash.With increasing reaction temperature, the removal e ciencies of Pb2+ and NH4+ decreaseddue to the decrease of CEC of the product, while removal e ciency for PO43?? was almost same. The concentrations of Si and Al in thesolution and the crystalline phases in the solid during the reaction explain the formation of the product phases at each temperature.     

溶液吸收/分光光度法检测空气中偏二甲肼含量

GJB2373-95采用固体吸附/分光光度法监测空气中偏二甲肼,但是采集空气中偏二甲肼所用的SG-2固体吸附剂和采样管制作繁琐,分析步骤复杂,不适合连续监测。文章以单位自行研制的偏二甲肼动态配气系统配制已知浓度空气样品为测试环境,用标定过的美国Interscan气体检测仪实时监测其浓度为13.4×10-6～13.6×10-6,采用溶液吸收法采样并简化GJB2373-95标准方法的分析步骤。依据两种方法分别做出各自的标准曲线,并采用固体吸附法和溶液吸收法各采集两个平行样,样品采样体积分别为3.28L、3.31L和3.12L、3.14L,对应各自的标准曲线,计算出两组样品偏二甲肼含量分别为10.7×10-6、11.0×10-6和12.1×10-6、12.0×10-6。经传感器实时监测值作为第三方数据比对,结果表明溶液吸收/分光光度法监测结果准确,分析步骤简单、省时。     

Activated carbon enhanced ozonation of oxalate attributed to HO. oxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation： Effect of activated carbon dosage and pH

Ozonation of oxalate in aqueous phase was performed with a commercial activated carbon（AC）in this work. The effect of AC dosage and solution pH on the contribution of hydroxyl radicals（HOU） in bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface to the removal of oxalate was studied. We found that the removal of oxalate was reduced by tert-butyl alcohol（tBA） with low dosages of AC,while it was hardly affected by tBA when the AC dosage was greater than 0.3 g/L. tBA also inhibited ozone decomposition when the AC dosage was no more than 0.05 g/L, but it did not work when the AC dosage was no less than 0.1 g/L. These observations indicate that HOUin bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface both contribute to the removal of oxalate. HOU oxidation in bulk solution is significant when the dosage of AC is low, whereas surface oxidation is dominant when the dosage of AC is high. The oxalate removal decreased with increasing pH of the solution with an AC dosage of 0.5 g/L. The degradation of oxalate occurs mainly through surface oxidation in acid and neutral solution, but through HOUoxidation in basic bulk solution. A mechanism involving both HOUoxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation was proposed for AC enhanced ozonation of oxalate.     

双氧水敏化二氧化钛的制备及表征

利用超声分散法,以钛酸丁酯为主要原料,以双氧水为敏化剂,无水乙醇作为溶剂,冰醋酸作为抑制剂,制备双氧水敏化的二氧化钛粉体。并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对产品进行表征。同时研究不同影响因素对甲基橙去除率的影响。实验结果显示,当焙烧温度为550℃,H2O2浓度为0.3%,催化剂投加量为0.5 g/L时,可制备出降解甲基橙溶液效果较好的二氧化钛。     

管式微滤膜(TMF)处理新型着色材料废水的中试研究

本文通过试验管式微滤膜(TMF)系统对新型氧化铁着色材料废水经中和后生成的氢氧化亚铁溶液进行提浓、回收处理上的过滤效果研究,来确认TMF膜在整个处理过程中膜通量的变化情况。     

锰铁合金炉灰资源化利用的试验研究

以锰铁合金炉灰为原料 ,分别用二氧化硫还原法和烧结法制备硫酸锰溶液 ,试验和实际研究结果表明 ,以锰铁合金炉灰为原料制备硫酸锰溶液是经济可行的。     

X80钢在库尔勒和高pH值土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为

通过浸泡质量损失法、动电位极化和交流阻抗等方法研究了X80管线钢在库尔勒和高pH值（0.5mol/L Na2CO3＋1 mol/L NaHCO3）土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为,并对宏观腐蚀形貌进行了观察,采用X-射线衍射仪测试了腐蚀产物膜的组成。结果表明,X80管线钢在高pH值土壤模拟溶液中腐蚀很轻微,而在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中则发生了严重的腐蚀,其腐蚀速率约是高pH值土壤模拟溶液中的3倍。这主要是因为X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中表现出活性溶解状态,形成的腐蚀产物膜疏松、易脱落,保护性很差;在高pH值土壤模拟溶液中则很容易钝化,形成的碳酸亚铁腐蚀产物膜具有一定的阻隔效应,产生了明显的保护作用,腐蚀速率因此很低。     

醋酸钙溶液吸收二氧化硫烟气的试验研究

介绍了醋酸钙溶液吸收二氧化硫烟气的小型试验和扩大试验,试验结果表明,醋酸钙溶液对二氧化硫有较强的吸收能力和较快的吸收速度,通过二级吸收后,烟气中二氧化硫的浓度能够低于0.05%的国家排放标准要求。