人工湿地基质对NH_4~+-N吸附性能

为研究建筑废物红砖和工业废物煤渣用作人工湿地脱氮基质的可行性,分别通过静态吸附实验和动态NH+4-N去除效果实验进行考察。结果表明,红砖和煤渣对NH+4-N最大静态吸附量分别为0.2533 mg/g和0.0533 mg/g,其吸附等温曲线均符合Freundlich型吸附方程,吸附常数分别为0.0419和0.0091;红砖煤渣组合对污水中NH+4-N平均动态脱除率达到41.18%,高于红砖的37.63%和煤渣的30.92%。     

人工湿地基质对NH4＋-N吸附性能

为研究建筑废物红砖和工业废物煤渣用作人工湿地脱氮基质的可行性,分别通过静态吸附实验和动态NHf—N去除效果实验进行考察。结果表明,红砖和煤渣对NH4＋-N最大静态吸附量分别为0．2533mg／g和0．0533mg／g,其吸附等温曲线均符合Freundlich型吸附方程,吸附常数分别为0．0419和0．0091;红砖煤渣组合对污水中NH4＋-N平均动态脱除率达到41．18％,高于红砖的37．63％和煤渣的30．92％。     

水体盐度对鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)幼鱼摄食、生长及肌肉成分的影响

将驯化后的鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)幼鱼分别放在盐度为20、15、10、5、0的条件下饲养20d,测定鲻鱼幼鱼在不同盐度下,不同时间段(0d、5d、10d、15d、20d)其摄食率、体质量(体长)特定生长率及肌肉RNA/DNA和生化成分的变化情况。结果表明:实验初期低盐度胁迫对鲻鱼幼鱼摄食、生长产生了一定抑制作用,与对照组相比,鲻鱼幼鱼的生长具有明显的滞后性(P0.05);实验后期,各实验组摄食率、体质量(体长)特定生长率及肌肉RNA/DNA较第0d有明显的提升(P0.05)。低盐度胁迫对鲻鱼幼鱼肌肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及灰分含量影响显著(P0.05)。在鲻鱼幼鱼肌肉水分随盐度的降低而升高,而粗蛋白、粗脂肪及灰分则随盐度的降低而降低。     

富营养化水体中铵态氮对金鱼藻生长的影响

通过控制pH（7和9）范围以区分分子态氨(NH3)和离子态氨(NH+4),研究了不同浓度铵态氮(NH+4 N)对金鱼藻生长的影响。研究结果表明：金鱼藻〖JP+1〗相对生长速率的变化范围为每天-010~003。在分子态氨浓度小于022 mg/L时,铵态氮对金鱼藻的毒性是由离子态氨和分子态氨共同作用。在分子态氨达到最大浓度439 mg/L时,〖JP〗金鱼藻的生长速率显著减少,直至死亡。随着铵态氮浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,金鱼藻体内碳氮比下降,叶绿素含量下降,光合作用减弱,相对生长速率下降。试验结果为合理利用金鱼藻来改善水质提供科学依据,同时也为研究分子态氨对沉水植物的胁迫作用提供参考。     

不同水层光照强度对4种沉水植物生长的影响

选取金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、水盾草(Cabombacaroliniana)、苦草(Vallisneria gigantean)为试验材料,研究不同水层的光照强度对其存活率、株高、生物量等的影响,旨在找出这4种沉水植物在自然条件下的最...     

人工湿地基质的筛选及其对猪场废水厌氧消化液中氨氮吸附性能研究

采用静态吸附实验,对比了岷江砂、沱江砂、青衣江砂、沸石、活性炭对猪场废水厌氧消化液中氨氮的吸附去除效率,基于氨氮去除能力、购买成本与运费的比较,筛选出性价比较高的基质--岷江砂作为四川地区人工湿地的基质处理猪场废水厌氧消化液.吸附实验表明,砂对氨氮的去除率随振荡时间和投加量的增加而增加.通过吸附等温曲线Langmuir...     

氯氰菊酯高效降解菌GF31的生长特性及其对污染土壤的修复能力

利用高效降解菌对受污土壤进行生物强化修复是提高修复效果的可行途径之一,其中降解菌的竞争力与适应性是决定强化修复过程成败的关键因素.以实验室保藏的1株氯氰菊酯高效降解菌--铜绿假单胞菌CF31为对象,开展菌株生长特性及其对污染土壤修复的实验研究.结果表明,菌株GF31生物活性高,环境适应力强,在温度15～35℃,pH值5...     

基于生物稳定性的贮存水水质变化规律及消毒策略

通过对贮存水中可同化有机碳(AOC)、微生物再生长潜能(BRP)及细菌总数(HPC)等微生物指标变化规律的了解,探究饮用水贮存过程中细菌二次生长、生物稳定性下降等问题。结果表明:在贮存过程中,HPC呈现先上升后下降的趋势;而AOC及BRP则在贮存初期(2 d内)出现上升,后基本保持稳定。通过向贮存水中投加不同浓度的氯或氯胺,研究了不同种类、不同浓度的消毒剂对贮存水HPC的影响及其衰减速率的变化规律。结果表明:随着氯或氯胺初始投加量的增加,HPC开始增加及达到峰值所需时间延长,且HPC峰值下降;当氯或氯胺初始投加量达到1.0 mg·L~(-1)以上,贮存水中氯残留量0.05 mg·L~(-1)或氯胺残留量0.5 mg·L~(-1)时,即可保证贮存过程HPC100 CFU·mL~(-1)。与氯消毒相比,氯胺消毒剂的衰减速率更为缓慢,可长期维持贮存水中较高的消毒剂残留,进而控制贮存水中HPC处于相对较低的范围,更有利于保证贮存水生物的稳定性。     

粗石英砂层厚度及倾角对核废物处置库顶盖毛细屏障效应的影响

毛细屏障作为核废物处置库顶盖的工程屏障之一,已经在国内外得到了广泛应用.采用箱体实验方法,研究了非饱和稳定流条件下粗石英砂层厚度和倾角对毛细屏障效应的影响.结果表明,随着粗石英砂层厚度的增大,水分的相对绕流量增大,毛细屏障效应增强;随着粗石英砂层倾角的增大,其表面积水减少,水的横向流动能力增强,毛细屏障效应增强.     

Profile of Methane Concentrations in Soil and Atmosphere in Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau

The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated （R^2〉0.6） with each other comparing to the weak correlations （R^2〈0.2） between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area.