两种N源对石油烃降解菌群降解柴油能力的影响

分别以酵母膏作为有机N源,(NH4)2SO4作为无机N源,在含N量相同(70 mmol/L)的条件下,按接种量2%,柴油1%,25℃,150 r/min摇床恒温培养,对海洋石油烃降解菌群进行了为期30 d 的液体摇瓶降解实验,通过GC-MS测定和分析,对柴油中正烷烃的降解情况进行了对比研究.结果表明,对柴油含量为1%的培养液,应用这两种不同N源,降解菌群对正烷烃的最终降解效果相同,均能完全降解,但有机N源只需3 d 时间就能完全降解正烷烃,比无机N源的降解时间短10倍多.因此,酵母膏对柴油的微生物降解具有极大的促进作用.     

舟山沈家门渔港海水中石油烃含量调查分析

2006～2008年对舟山沈家门港口海水中石油烃的含量进行了监测,结果表明,该港口区域表层海水中石油烃的浓度范围为0.012～0.112 mg/L,符合港口区要求的四类海水水质标准.但连续3 a的监测数据表明,沈家门渔港海水中石油烃的含量呈递增趋势.     

浅析石油钻井作业的风险分析和应用

从桌面分析、现场分析和分析应用3个阶段对石油钻井风险进行阐述,并概括各阶段的实施过程及特点。     

瓶装水的惊人能耗：每瓶水相当于1／4瓶石油

对瓶装水的首次综合能量分析证实了许多环境保护主义者的矛头指向。从开始生产到消费者饮用,瓶装水消耗的能量是自来水（经过净化可以饮用的水）的1100～2000倍。     

Control of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater by intrinsic and enhanced bioremediation

In the first phase of this study, the e ectiveness of intrinsic bioremediation on the containment of petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated at a gasoline spill site. Evidences of the occurrence of intrinsic bioremediation within the BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) plume included (1) decreased BTEX concentrations; (2) depletion of dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, and sulfate; (3) production of dissolved ferrous iron, methane, and CO2; (4) deceased pH and redox potential; and (5) increased methanogens, total heterotrophs, and total anaerobes, especially within the highly contaminated areas. In the second phase of this study, enhanced aerobic bioremediation process was applied at site to enhance the BTEX decay rates. Air was injected into the subsurface near the mid-plume area to biostimulate the naturally occurring microorganisms for BTEX biodegradation. Field results showed that enhanced bioremediation process caused the change of BTEX removal mechanisms from anaerobic biodegradation inside the plume to aerobic biodegradation. This variation could be confirmed by the following field observations inside the plume due to the enhanced aerobic bioremediation process: (1) increased in DO, CO2, redox potential, nitrate, and sulfate, (2) decreased in dissolved ferrous iron, sulfide, and methane, (3) increased total heterotrophs and decreased total anaerobes. Field results also showed that the percentage of total BTEX removal increased from 92% to 99%, and the calculated total BTEX first-order natural attenuation rates increased from 0.0092% to 0.0188% per day, respectively, after the application of enhanced bioremediation system from the spill area to the downgradient area (located approximately 300 m from the source area).     

废弃泥浆石油类总萃取物测定实验方法的对比分析

文中通过对全量平衡萃取法与传统萃取法的对比实验,得出了的废弃泥浆中石油类污染物在一定浓度范围内,测定结果精密性的准确性同等或略优于传统萃取方法。全量平衡萃取法具有操作简单快捷、省时省试剂和的优点;证实该方法具有经济、安全、环保和可操作性。     

中国石化：节能减排赢得发展空间

石油石化企业是能源生产大户,也是能源消耗大户。作为国有特大型能源化工企业,中国石油化工集团公司努力推动节能减排,并在这一过程中,探寻出一条科学发展之路,为企业的进一步发展赢得新的空间。     

Impacts of soil organic matter, pH and exogenous copper on sorption behavior of norfloxacin in three soils

Norfloxacin (Nor) sorption and the factors (soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and exogenous copper (Cu) influencing the sorption were investigated in a black soil (soil B), a fluvo-aquic soil (soil F), and a red soil (soil R). With increasing of Nor concentrations, sorption amount of norfloxacin increased in both the bulk soils and their SOM-removed soils, but the sorption capacity in SOM-removed soils was higher than that of their corresponding bulk soils, indicating that the process of norfloxacin sorption in soil was influenced by the soil properties including SOM. The sorption data in all bulk soils and SOM-removed soils were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir models. The correlation coefficients suggested that the experimental data fitted better to Freundlich equation than to Langmuir equation. Furthermore, the data from soil F and SOM-removed F could not be described by Langmuir equation. The norfloxacin sorption amount decreased in soil B and soil F, whereas it increased in soil R as solution pH increased. The maximum KD and KOC were achieved in soil R when the equilibrium solution pH was 6. And the norfloxacin sorption was also influenced by the exogenous Cu2+ ions, which depended on the soil types and Cu2+ concentrations. With increasing of Cu2+ concentrations in solution, generally, sorption amount, KD and KOC for norfloxacin in soils increased and were up to a peak at 100 mg/L Cu2+, and then the sorption amount decreased regardless of norfloxacin levels.     

中国新型可再生能源的发展

进入新阶段 中国能源消耗占世界的1／10左右,石油产品进口约占国内油品消耗量的48％;煤炭消费量接近一次能源消费总量的70％,CO2排放增量增长较快,尽管人均排放量不高,但属于总量排放大国。因此,发展清洁可再生能源是确保我国能源安全和缓解减排压力的重要举措,也是建立能源节约、环境友好型社会的战略步骤之一。     

β-环糊精强化微生物修复石油烃污染土壤的试验研究

石油烃污染物的生物可利用性是土壤微生物修复的限制因素,为了提高污染物的生物可利用性和降解效率,引入环境友好的β-环糊精作为污染物增溶剂,并与表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作对比。结果表明,当β-环糊精的投加浓度为其在水中饱和溶解度的90%、SDS的投加浓度为其临界胶束浓度时,β-环糊精和SDS对土壤中石油烃污染物的增溶效果达到最大,分别为84.42%和89.63%。虽然两者都具有相近的增溶效果,但SDS具有一定的生物毒性,抑制了微生物的生长及其对石油烃污染物的降解,而β-环糊精可以促进微生物生长并有效提高微生物对污染物的去除效率。投加β-环糊精的微生物修复组在15 d内的降解率达到19.5%,比单独微生物修复组的降解率提高了70%以上。