Control of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater by intrinsic and enhanced bioremediation

In the first phase of this study, the e ectiveness of intrinsic bioremediation on the containment of petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated at a gasoline spill site. Evidences of the occurrence of intrinsic bioremediation within the BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) plume included (1) decreased BTEX concentrations; (2) depletion of dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, and sulfate; (3) production of dissolved ferrous iron, methane, and CO2; (4) deceased pH and redox potential; and (5) increased methanogens, total heterotrophs, and total anaerobes, especially within the highly contaminated areas. In the second phase of this study, enhanced aerobic bioremediation process was applied at site to enhance the BTEX decay rates. Air was injected into the subsurface near the mid-plume area to biostimulate the naturally occurring microorganisms for BTEX biodegradation. Field results showed that enhanced bioremediation process caused the change of BTEX removal mechanisms from anaerobic biodegradation inside the plume to aerobic biodegradation. This variation could be confirmed by the following field observations inside the plume due to the enhanced aerobic bioremediation process: (1) increased in DO, CO2, redox potential, nitrate, and sulfate, (2) decreased in dissolved ferrous iron, sulfide, and methane, (3) increased total heterotrophs and decreased total anaerobes. Field results also showed that the percentage of total BTEX removal increased from 92% to 99%, and the calculated total BTEX first-order natural attenuation rates increased from 0.0092% to 0.0188% per day, respectively, after the application of enhanced bioremediation system from the spill area to the downgradient area (located approximately 300 m from the source area).     

废弃泥浆石油类总萃取物测定实验方法的对比分析

文中通过对全量平衡萃取法与传统萃取法的对比实验,得出了的废弃泥浆中石油类污染物在一定浓度范围内,测定结果精密性的准确性同等或略优于传统萃取方法。全量平衡萃取法具有操作简单快捷、省时省试剂和的优点;证实该方法具有经济、安全、环保和可操作性。     

中国石化：节能减排赢得发展空间

石油石化企业是能源生产大户,也是能源消耗大户。作为国有特大型能源化工企业,中国石油化工集团公司努力推动节能减排,并在这一过程中,探寻出一条科学发展之路,为企业的进一步发展赢得新的空间。     

Impacts of soil organic matter, pH and exogenous copper on sorption behavior of norfloxacin in three soils

Norfloxacin (Nor) sorption and the factors (soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and exogenous copper (Cu) influencing the sorption were investigated in a black soil (soil B), a fluvo-aquic soil (soil F), and a red soil (soil R). With increasing of Nor concentrations, sorption amount of norfloxacin increased in both the bulk soils and their SOM-removed soils, but the sorption capacity in SOM-removed soils was higher than that of their corresponding bulk soils, indicating that the process of norfloxacin sorption in soil was influenced by the soil properties including SOM. The sorption data in all bulk soils and SOM-removed soils were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir models. The correlation coefficients suggested that the experimental data fitted better to Freundlich equation than to Langmuir equation. Furthermore, the data from soil F and SOM-removed F could not be described by Langmuir equation. The norfloxacin sorption amount decreased in soil B and soil F, whereas it increased in soil R as solution pH increased. The maximum KD and KOC were achieved in soil R when the equilibrium solution pH was 6. And the norfloxacin sorption was also influenced by the exogenous Cu2+ ions, which depended on the soil types and Cu2+ concentrations. With increasing of Cu2+ concentrations in solution, generally, sorption amount, KD and KOC for norfloxacin in soils increased and were up to a peak at 100 mg/L Cu2+, and then the sorption amount decreased regardless of norfloxacin levels.     

中国新型可再生能源的发展

进入新阶段 中国能源消耗占世界的1／10左右,石油产品进口约占国内油品消耗量的48％;煤炭消费量接近一次能源消费总量的70％,CO2排放增量增长较快,尽管人均排放量不高,但属于总量排放大国。因此,发展清洁可再生能源是确保我国能源安全和缓解减排压力的重要举措,也是建立能源节约、环境友好型社会的战略步骤之一。     

β-环糊精强化微生物修复石油烃污染土壤的试验研究

石油烃污染物的生物可利用性是土壤微生物修复的限制因素,为了提高污染物的生物可利用性和降解效率,引入环境友好的β-环糊精作为污染物增溶剂,并与表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作对比。结果表明,当β-环糊精的投加浓度为其在水中饱和溶解度的90%、SDS的投加浓度为其临界胶束浓度时,β-环糊精和SDS对土壤中石油烃污染物的增溶效果达到最大,分别为84.42%和89.63%。虽然两者都具有相近的增溶效果,但SDS具有一定的生物毒性,抑制了微生物的生长及其对石油烃污染物的降解,而β-环糊精可以促进微生物生长并有效提高微生物对污染物的去除效率。投加β-环糊精的微生物修复组在15 d内的降解率达到19.5%,比单独微生物修复组的降解率提高了70%以上。     

油气长输管道工程风险评价发展及现状

介绍了油气长输管道工程风险评价的国内外研究概况、进展、主要评价方法及存在的问题.     

海(水)上原油设施溢油防止对策

为了预防、控制海上原油泄漏对海域的污染,分别对临海(水)罐区、海(水)上石油勘探生产设施、海(水)底管线、油轮和油驳、码头等,提出溢油防止对策.     

石油污染土壤淋洗配方的比选

以广州市某废弃工业场地的石油污染土壤为研究对象,采用室内模拟试验的方法,考察了不同的pH、淋洗液配方、淋洗时间、以及土柱淋洗流量等因素对石油污染土壤淋洗修复效果的影响;并利用一级反应动力学模型对试验数据进行拟合。结果表明pH=8时水溶液对油的解吸量最大;最优淋洗液配方为5(曲拉通):10(木素钠):42(硅酸钠):43(碳酸钠)。土柱淋洗效果与淋洗液使用量有较大关系,在0.40 mL/min用量时,96 h的除油率为29.3%,土壤中石油的含量由32 273 mg/kg下降至22 820 mg/kg。     

水俣病和日本的产业转换

概况 水俣病是因熊本县水俣市生产化学合成品的窒素株式会社(当时被称为新日本窒素株式会社)水俣工厂排出的废水中,有机(甲基)汞化合物经鱼、贝类的食物链在人体内蓄积而发作的公害病.症状由视野狭隘、感觉障碍、运动失调、听力障碍、言语障碍和手足振颤等初期的中枢神经性疾病开始,发展为头痛、疲劳感等全身性疾患,严重的甚至危及生命.甲基汞可通过胎盘转移至胎儿也会导致胎儿性水俣病.