超声波/铁-炭微电解协同降解苯酚

采用超声波/铁-炭微电解联用体系,以苯酚为目标污染物,考察了苯酚溶液初始pH值、初始浓度、铁屑与活性炭投加量等因素对联用体系降解苯酚效果的影响.结果表明:考察范围内,苯酚降解率随其初始浓度和溶液初始pH值的增加而降低,随铁屑与活性炭投加量的增加而升高.当苯酚初始浓度由50mg·L-1增至270mg·L-1,溶液初始pH值由3.0增至9.0时,降解率分别由91.3%和78.4%降至34.7%和50.7%;铁屑投加量为每L苯酚溶液中40g、160g和320g,铁屑与活性炭体积比均为1:1时,降解率依次为31.8%、51.9%和72.8%.对比实验及动力学分析表明:联用体系中超声波(US)和铁-炭微电解对苯酚降解具有明显的协同作用,协同因子E=5.12,且降解过程符合假一级动力学规律,并根据降解速率常数随各影响因素的变化关系确定了宏观动力学模型.     

邻菲哕啉分光光度法测定水中总铁的改进

对邻菲哕啉分光光度法测定水中总铁的方法进行了改进：采用50ml比色管水浴还原水样--分光光度计比色测定水中总铁。测试结果表明,改进法精密度和准确度均优于标准方法,是测定水中总铁较为理想的方法     

三江平原多级沟渠系统沉积物中铁的分布特征

以三江平原典型多级沟渠系统(毛渠-农渠-斗渠-支渠-干渠)为对象,研究了其0～60 cm沉积物全铁含量的空间分布特征.结果表明,多级沟渠系统中沉积物的平均铁含量为(3.02±0.10)×104 mg·kg-1,各类型、各等级的沉积物铁含量具有极显著差异(F=6.261,p<0.001),最高值出现在农田斗渠(3.71×104 mg·kg-1)中,而最低值出现在湿地斗渠(2.43×104 mg·kg-1)中.整个多级沟渠系统沉积物各层的铁含量没有显著性差异(F=0.093,p=0.693),但与沟渠相邻湿地同深度土层的铁含量相比,沟渠沉积物0～10 cm层、10～20 cm层分别增加了51.96%、62.22%.铁虽然具有一定的可迁移性,其最大累积处仅能延伸到第三等级的斗渠中,而非逐级递增.由于湿地保护和气候干热化,现阶段本区含铁径流量有逐渐减少的趋势.沉积物各层铁含量沿沟渠类型和等级的递变揭示了铁输移的历史变迁.     

零价铁还原土壤中邻硝基甲苯的实验研究

采用零价铁(ZVI,Fe0)还原技术,在常温常压下修复邻硝基甲苯(ONT)污染的土壤,研究不同反应条件对还原效果的影响及产物随时间的变化。实验结果表明,Fe0能够有效地将土壤中的邻硝基甲苯还原为邻甲基苯胺(OMA),反应过程中先生成邻甲基亚硝基苯,再进一步还原为邻甲基苯胺。当ONT的初始浓度约为2.5×10-6mol/g,Fe0加入量是25mg/g,土壤水含量75%,土壤初始pH值6.8,于25℃反应5h,ONT的还原率可达97%。Fe0用量、土壤含水量、土壤初始pH值和温度均对Fe0还原ONT产生影响,增加Fe0用量、较饱和的土壤含水量、偏酸性土壤和较高的温度能显著提高其还原率。     

零价铁活化过硫酸盐降解分散剂木质素磺酸钠研究

为研究零价铁(Fe0)通过电子转移对过硫酸盐(PS)降解分散剂木质素磺酸钠(SL)能力的影响,以SL作为目标污染物,对影响SL降解的因素(初始pH值、SL初始质量浓度、PS浓度、Fe0投加量)及降解机理进行探讨.结果表明,1)当pH值小于2时,SL降解率随pH值升高而升高;当pH值在2～5时,SL降解率随pH值升高而降低.当PS浓度在2～4 mmol/L时,SL的降解率随PS浓度的增大而增大;当PS浓度超过4 mmol/L后降解率呈现下降趋势.当固定其他反应条件时,SL的降解率随SL初始质量浓度的升高而降低.2)相比于单一 Fe0体系和单一 PS体系,Fe0-PS体系对SL的降解率有显著提高,对含SL废水可生化性有所改善.在最佳反应条件下(pH值为2,Fe0投加后质量浓度为0.3 g/L,SL初始质量浓度0.5 g/L,PS浓度为4 mmol/L),180 min内SL的降解率能达到75.9％.3)Fe0活化PS产生SO4-·,通过自由基淬灭剂进行淬灭试验,确定降解过程中的SO4-·与·OH为体系活性物质.4)通过红外吸收光谱扫描,比较SL与反应产物的FTIR图谱,推测在氧化作用下,SL的苯环结构断裂,部分磺酸基团被氧化为SO4-.研究表明,Fe0-PS体系与单一 Fe0体系和单一 PS体系相比,Fe0能有效活化PS产生SO4-·,进而对SL有更好的降解效果.     

微生物铁氧化作用对砷迁移转化的影响

采用厌氧培养的方法,从砷污染的水稻上中富集依赖硝酸盐的铁氧化菌群,通过监测培养体系中Fe和A$的形态变化模拟水稻厌氧条件下微生物铁氧化过程对As迁移转化的影响.结果表明,约96%外源添加的Fe(Ⅱ)可在10d内氧化成Fe(Ⅲ),As(Ⅲ)对Fe(Ⅱ)的初期氧化速率具有一定的抑制作用;在微生物铁氧化过程中,As(Ⅲ)被氧...     

"铁酱油"为何难入百姓家?

曾经,在食盐中加入碘酸钾（KlO3）帮助我国大多数地区摆脱了碘缺乏病。家家户户的灶台上,一顿顿的美食味道里都有它的身影。而同样是为了解决铁营养的“铁强化酱油”却似乎没有碘盐那样幸运,老百姓对着货架皱起了眉头,专家学者在媒体上众说纷纭,“铁酱油”依然难入百姓家。     

Simultaneous removal of chromium and arsenate from contaminated groundwater by ferrous sulfate: Batch uptake behavior

Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH, Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in batch tests. The presence of arsenate reduced the removal e ciency of chromium by Fe(II), while the presence of chromate significantly increased the removal e ciency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6–8. In the absence of arsenate, chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH. The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions. Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions due to the presence of 10 mol/L arsenate. The presence of 20 mol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by Fe(II) at pH 3.9–5.8, but had detrimental e ects at pH 6.7–9.8. Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4–9 due to the presence of 10 mol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20–60 mol/L. Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 mol/L resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0–4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30–60 mol/L.     

Catalytic oxidation of gas-phase elemental mercury by nano-Fe2O3

Heterogeneous oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by nano-Fe2O3 was investigated on a fixed bed reactor, and the e ects of oxygen concentration, bed temperature, water vapour concentration and particle size have been discussed. The results showed that Hg0 could be oxidized by active oxygen atom on the surface of nano-Fe2O3 as well as lattice oxygen in nano-Fe2O3. Among the factors that a ect Hg0 oxidation by nano-Fe2O3, bed temperature plays an important role. More than 40% of total mercury was oxidized at 300°C, however, the test temperature at 400°C could cause sintering of nano-catalyst, which led to a lower e ciency of Hg0 oxidation. The increase of oxygen concentration could promote mercury oxidation and led to higher Hg0 oxidation e ciency. No obvious mercury oxidation was detected in the pure N2 atmosphere, which indicates that oxygen is required in the gas stream for mercury oxidation. The presence of water vapour showed di erent e ects on mercury oxidation depending on its concentration. The lower content of water vapour could promote mercury oxidation, while the higher content of water vapour inhibits mercury oxidation.     

油田注水高压脉冲电场杀菌实验研究

针对油田注水中细菌繁殖快、含量高的特点,文章采用高压脉冲电场杀菌技术对油田注水进行了杀菌试验,考察了脉冲电压、脉冲频率、处理量和杀菌时间对杀菌效果的影响,并对参数进行了优化。研究结果表明随着电压和作用时间的增加,杀菌效果增强;当脉冲电压在30 kV,处理量为20 L/h,频率在50 Hz或者200 Hz时,具有显著的杀菌效果;随着处理量的增加,杀菌仪对细菌的抑制效果变弱。