零价铁还原土壤中邻硝基甲苯的实验研究

采用零价铁(ZVI,Fe0)还原技术,在常温常压下修复邻硝基甲苯(ONT)污染的土壤,研究不同反应条件对还原效果的影响及产物随时间的变化。实验结果表明,Fe0能够有效地将土壤中的邻硝基甲苯还原为邻甲基苯胺(OMA),反应过程中先生成邻甲基亚硝基苯,再进一步还原为邻甲基苯胺。当ONT的初始浓度约为2.5×10-6mol/g,Fe0加入量是25mg/g,土壤水含量75%,土壤初始pH值6.8,于25℃反应5h,ONT的还原率可达97%。Fe0用量、土壤含水量、土壤初始pH值和温度均对Fe0还原ONT产生影响,增加Fe0用量、较饱和的土壤含水量、偏酸性土壤和较高的温度能显著提高其还原率。     

零价铁活化过硫酸盐降解分散剂木质素磺酸钠研究

为研究零价铁(Fe0)通过电子转移对过硫酸盐(PS)降解分散剂木质素磺酸钠(SL)能力的影响,以SL作为目标污染物,对影响SL降解的因素(初始pH值、SL初始质量浓度、PS浓度、Fe0投加量)及降解机理进行探讨.结果表明,1)当pH值小于2时,SL降解率随pH值升高而升高;当pH值在2～5时,SL降解率随pH值升高而降低.当PS浓度在2～4 mmol/L时,SL的降解率随PS浓度的增大而增大;当PS浓度超过4 mmol/L后降解率呈现下降趋势.当固定其他反应条件时,SL的降解率随SL初始质量浓度的升高而降低.2)相比于单一 Fe0体系和单一 PS体系,Fe0-PS体系对SL的降解率有显著提高,对含SL废水可生化性有所改善.在最佳反应条件下(pH值为2,Fe0投加后质量浓度为0.3 g/L,SL初始质量浓度0.5 g/L,PS浓度为4 mmol/L),180 min内SL的降解率能达到75.9％.3)Fe0活化PS产生SO4-·,通过自由基淬灭剂进行淬灭试验,确定降解过程中的SO4-·与·OH为体系活性物质.4)通过红外吸收光谱扫描,比较SL与反应产物的FTIR图谱,推测在氧化作用下,SL的苯环结构断裂,部分磺酸基团被氧化为SO4-.研究表明,Fe0-PS体系与单一 Fe0体系和单一 PS体系相比,Fe0能有效活化PS产生SO4-·,进而对SL有更好的降解效果.     

微生物铁氧化作用对砷迁移转化的影响

采用厌氧培养的方法,从砷污染的水稻上中富集依赖硝酸盐的铁氧化菌群,通过监测培养体系中Fe和A$的形态变化模拟水稻厌氧条件下微生物铁氧化过程对As迁移转化的影响.结果表明,约96%外源添加的Fe(Ⅱ)可在10d内氧化成Fe(Ⅲ),As(Ⅲ)对Fe(Ⅱ)的初期氧化速率具有一定的抑制作用;在微生物铁氧化过程中,As(Ⅲ)被氧...     

"铁酱油"为何难入百姓家?

曾经,在食盐中加入碘酸钾（KlO3）帮助我国大多数地区摆脱了碘缺乏病。家家户户的灶台上,一顿顿的美食味道里都有它的身影。而同样是为了解决铁营养的“铁强化酱油”却似乎没有碘盐那样幸运,老百姓对着货架皱起了眉头,专家学者在媒体上众说纷纭,“铁酱油”依然难入百姓家。     

Simultaneous removal of chromium and arsenate from contaminated groundwater by ferrous sulfate: Batch uptake behavior

Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH, Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in batch tests. The presence of arsenate reduced the removal e ciency of chromium by Fe(II), while the presence of chromate significantly increased the removal e ciency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6–8. In the absence of arsenate, chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH. The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions. Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions due to the presence of 10 mol/L arsenate. The presence of 20 mol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by Fe(II) at pH 3.9–5.8, but had detrimental e ects at pH 6.7–9.8. Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4–9 due to the presence of 10 mol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20–60 mol/L. Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 mol/L resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0–4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30–60 mol/L.     

Catalytic oxidation of gas-phase elemental mercury by nano-Fe2O3

Heterogeneous oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by nano-Fe2O3 was investigated on a fixed bed reactor, and the e ects of oxygen concentration, bed temperature, water vapour concentration and particle size have been discussed. The results showed that Hg0 could be oxidized by active oxygen atom on the surface of nano-Fe2O3 as well as lattice oxygen in nano-Fe2O3. Among the factors that a ect Hg0 oxidation by nano-Fe2O3, bed temperature plays an important role. More than 40% of total mercury was oxidized at 300°C, however, the test temperature at 400°C could cause sintering of nano-catalyst, which led to a lower e ciency of Hg0 oxidation. The increase of oxygen concentration could promote mercury oxidation and led to higher Hg0 oxidation e ciency. No obvious mercury oxidation was detected in the pure N2 atmosphere, which indicates that oxygen is required in the gas stream for mercury oxidation. The presence of water vapour showed di erent e ects on mercury oxidation depending on its concentration. The lower content of water vapour could promote mercury oxidation, while the higher content of water vapour inhibits mercury oxidation.     

油田注水高压脉冲电场杀菌实验研究

针对油田注水中细菌繁殖快、含量高的特点,文章采用高压脉冲电场杀菌技术对油田注水进行了杀菌试验,考察了脉冲电压、脉冲频率、处理量和杀菌时间对杀菌效果的影响,并对参数进行了优化。研究结果表明随着电压和作用时间的增加,杀菌效果增强;当脉冲电压在30 kV,处理量为20 L/h,频率在50 Hz或者200 Hz时,具有显著的杀菌效果;随着处理量的增加,杀菌仪对细菌的抑制效果变弱。     

利用纳米零价铁进行印染废水脱色实验研究

以纳米铁粉为脱色剂,以甲基橙水溶液为目标污染物,研究了纳米铁粉对甲基橙水溶液的脱色影响.结果表明染料初始浓度一定时,加入一定铁粉,脱色率随脱色时间的增加而增大,到一定时间后脱色率不再有大的变化;酸洗铁粉对甲基橙水溶液的脱色效果更好;将酸洗铁粉进行水洗,脱色率随水洗次数的增加而减少;摇床转速越高,脱色效果越好.     

铁碳微电解降解高浓度制药废水

采用铁碳微电解法对高浓度制药废水进行降解实验研究,考察了铁碳微电解反应时间、铁碳体积比、进水pH值、固液比等因素对降解效果的影响。结果表明,铁碳微电解反应时间为100 min,铁碳体积比为1:1,进水pH值为4.0,固液比为15%时,CODcr去除率接近60%,色度去除率超过80%,BOD5/CODcr也由原水的不足0.10上升到0.43,可生化性得到提高。同时也考察了铁屑活化对降解效果的影响。     

放射性核素土壤-植物吸收与钍、镭富集植物的发现

对采集珠江三角洲从化、台山等地的11种植物以及对应的土壤样品,采用HPGe-γ能谱分析了其中的天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th和⁴⁰K的比活度.结果表明,土壤样品中²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th和⁴⁰K的平均含量为151.8、 146.3、 226.6和665.5 Bq/kg,高于我国和世界的平均值.植物样品中的²³⁸U含量较低,大多数样品低于检出限,而²²⁶Ra、 ²³²Th和⁴⁰K的平均含量相对较高.铁芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)样品中²²⁶Ra、²³²Th含量最高,平均值分别为285.9 Bq/kg、 968.5 Bq/kg,对应的生物富集系数 (bioconcentration factor)的平均值为2.20、 4.23,而其它10种植物²²⁶Ra、²³²Th的生物富集系数均在10^-1～10^-2的范围.铁芒萁²²⁶Ra和²³²Th 的富集系数和转移系数(translocation factor)都大于1,可以认为是²²⁶Ra和²³²Th的超富集植物.