氯乙烯聚合反应器爆炸危险性分析

通过故障树方法辨识出可能导致氯乙烯聚合反应器发生爆炸的基本事件,及其与聚合釜爆炸之间的逻辑关系.利用危险与可操作性研究方法分析了工艺中可能导致聚合釜爆炸的工艺偏离及其产生的原因和后果,明晰了工艺危险性的主要控制因素.针对聚氯乙烯生产工艺提出安全控制措施.     

聚氯乙烯生产过程中粉尘的测定

本文介绍了聚氯乙烯生产过程干燥尾气中粉尘排放量的测定方法,可供生产厂监测工作中参考。     

建立预防机制 实施系统管理

<正>陕西金泰氯碱化工有限公司(以下简称金泰氯碱)于2005年底新建成投产,规划建设30万t/a聚氯乙烯,目前装置规模为一期工程的10万t/a能力,包括配套10万t/a离子膜烧碱、自备热电站等装置。氯碱化工是高危行业,生产过程涉及易燃易爆、有毒有害的介质多,生产工况高温高压多,做好安全工作难度大。此外,对新建企业     

Comparative study on the efficiency and environmental impact of two methods of utilizing polyvinyl chloride waste based on life cycle assessments

Two processes of utilizing polyvinyl chloride （PVC） waste, an incineration process and a vacuum pyrolysis process, for energy conversion were compared to determine their efficiency and environmental perfor- mance. We carried out a life cycle assessment with each of the two processes to evaluate their environmental impact and defined the goals and limits of our remit. As well, we established an inventory of PVC waste from incineration and vacuum pyrolysis based on process analysis, data collection and calculations. The results show that electrical power output per unit mass of PVC waste in the incineration process was twice as high as that of the vacuum pyrolysis process. Incineration had a larger total environmental impact potential than vacuum pyrolysis. The total environmental impact potential of PVC waste from incineration was three times higher than that from vacuum pyrolysis. Incineration of PVC disposed 300 ng. 100 kgI of dioxins and vacuum pyrolysis 98.19 ng- 100 kgI of dioxins. As well, we analyzed the data for their uncertainty with results quantified in terms of three uncertainties： basic uncertainty, additional uncertainty, and computational uncertainty. The coefficients of variation of the data were less than 25% and the quality of the inventory data was acceptable with low uncertainty. Both PVC waste disposal processes were of similar quality and their results comparable. The results of our life cycle impact assessment （LCIA） showed considerable reliability of our methodology. Overall, the vacuum pyrolysis process has a number advantages and greater potential for development of PVC disposal than the incineration process.     

违反操作规程碱液烧伤眼睛

2005年3月2日,某公司聚氯乙烯分厂聚合车间在生产过程中,2名操作工违反操作规程,被碱液烧伤眼睛,其中1人重伤、1人轻伤.     

聚氯乙烯微塑料的原位光解老化及其对土壤微生物群落的影响

近年来,微塑料污染越来越受到大众和科研人员的关注.微塑料被报道在水体、土壤和大气中广泛分布,它们在环境中可能受到物理、化学或生物作用而发生老化现象.目前大部分关于微塑料老化的研究都是在水环境中进行的,同时,有关微塑料的老化研究主要采用离线技术进行表征,只能测定微塑料老化前后的结构变化,不能准确认识微塑料界面反应过程,因此,亟待开发微塑料老化过程的在线监测技术及研究其在非水相环境中的老化过程.研究污染物性质的目的 之一是为研究其环境影响提供理论依据,因此,本研究选择了聚氯乙烯(PVC)农业地膜在空气中老化后进入土壤的环境过程,搭建了单颗粒微塑料的显微-傅里叶变换红外光谱原位监测装置,从分子水平揭示了PVC微塑料的光化学转化过程,同时也探究了老化后PVC微塑料对土壤微生物群落所产生的影响.     

各省动态

河北省环保厅日前下发《关于加强涉汞企业环境监管工作的通知》,要求将涉汞企业列为重点防控对象,强化含汞危险废物全过程监管,防止发生汞污染事件。在重点防控区,禁止新建、改建、扩建电石法聚氯乙烯生产、汞触媒生产及废汞触媒利用处置项目。新建、改建、扩建其他涉汞项目的环境影响评价一律由省级环保部门负责审批。要严格执行清洁生产审核制度,涉汞企业每两年完成一轮清洁生产审核。     

纳米TiO2的表面改性及在聚氯乙烯中的应用研究

研究了原位乳液共聚合方法制备聚丙烯酸酯/TiO2纳米复合材料及其对PVC抗紫外光老化性能的影响.结果表明,聚丙烯酸酯共聚物P(MMA-BA)包覆在纳米TiO2表面,并与TiO2粒子有较强相互作用;经过1032 h加速老化后,相比未改性配方和有机紫外吸收剂改性配方,复合改性PVC材料的抗紫外光老化性能得到大幅提高,纳米TiO2的质量分数为1.0%的复合材料改性PVC色差值只有5.0,比未改性配方提高近8倍.