不同受旱胁迫下大豆蒸发蒸腾与地上部生长物质之间响应关系研究

农业旱灾损失形成过程中存在着大量的不确定性,不同受旱胁迫下作物蒸发蒸腾与生物量积累之间的定量响应关系是解析该过程的理论基础,对指导区域抗旱减灾具有重要实践意义。基于淮北平原两季夏大豆盆栽受旱试验,分别构建了收获时植株地上部生物量与籽粒产量之间、受旱当期和受旱后复水各生育阶段蒸发蒸腾量与同期地上部生物积累量之间的函数关系,并对不同阶段受旱胁迫下的产量构成要素响应进行了定量分析。结果表明,不同受旱胁迫下大豆收获时地上部生物量与籽粒产量之间均呈显著正相关（2015、2016季相关系数分别为0.91和0.78）,籽粒产量与其各阶段不断积累的地上部总生物量存在定量转化;大豆某一生育阶段受旱当期的蒸发蒸腾量与该阶段的地上部生物积累量呈显著正相关,且在花荚期更为明显;某一阶段受旱对后续各生育阶段的蒸发蒸腾与地上部生长均产生影响,且两者具有一定的相关性,但距受旱时期越远相关性越弱;大豆在营养生长阶段受旱后复水,鼓粒期的地上部生长机制恢复正常,且这种恢复效应在前期轻度受旱后更为明显;不同阶段受旱造成的籽粒产量损失差异较大,与充分灌溉相比,大豆分别在苗期、分枝期、花荚期和鼓粒期遭受干旱时,2015和2016季的产量分别减少了14.2%和28.0%、18.2%和30.5%、53.1%和56.2%、50.1%和45.2%,花荚期和鼓粒期受旱对籽粒形成的不利影响更为严重;两季鼓粒期受旱胁迫下的收获时地上部生物量和千粒重均为最低。     

书讯

<正>张殿印、王海涛主编的《袋式除尘器管理指南—安装、运行与维护》,由机械工业出版社于2013年11月出版,全国新华书店和机械工业出版社官网发行。该书是专门介绍袋式除尘器安装、运行与维护的管理技术书。全书约75万字,共分为8章,分别介绍袋式除尘器的分类、性能、选择,袋式除尘器安装准备、安装流程,安装方法与验收,袋式除尘器调整试验、运行操作、维护保养、故障排除和袋式除尘系统运行管理。本书内容全面,资     

磁絮凝处理染整废水的中试研究

针对染整废水进行磁絮凝的中试研究,将磁粉加载于混凝澄清池,该技术是在接触絮凝加速澄清技术基础上提出的一种应用絮凝形态学理论的新型高效固液分离技术。中试试验经过半年的调试和运行,浊度等水质数据明显优于普通的砂滤出水水质。处理后的出水水质为pH=6~9,COD≤200 mg/L,浊度≤10NTU,色度≤200倍。     

Evaluating the effectiveness of marine actinobacterial extract and its mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the degradation of azo dyes

Aim of the present study was to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles （YiO2 NPs） from marine actinobacteria and to develop an eco-friendly azo-dye degradation method. A total of five actinobacterial isolates were isolated from Chennai marine sediments, Tamilnadu, India and analyzed for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using titanium hydroxide. Among these, the isolate PSV 3 showed positive results for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs, which was confirmed by UV analysis. Further characterization of the synthesized TiO2 NPs was done using XRD, AFM and FI＇-IR analysis. Actinobacterial crude extract and synthesized TiO2 NPs was found efficient in degrading azo dye such as Acid Red 79 （AR-79） and Acid Red 80 （AR-80）. Degradation percentage was found to be 81% for AR-79, 83% for AR-80 using actinobacterial crude extract and 84% for AR-79, 85% for AR-80 using TiO2 NPs. Immobilized actinobacterial ceils showed 88% for AR-79 and 81% for AR- 80, dye degrading capacity. Degraded components were characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. The phytotoxicity test with 500 μg/mL of untreated dye showed remarkable phenotypic as well as cellular damage to Tagetes erecta plant. Comparatively no such damage was observed on plants by degraded dye components. In biotoxicity assay, treated dyes showed less toxic effect as compared to the untreated dyes.     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

Acute and chronic toxic effects of Pb2+ on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis：Morphological changes and responses of the antioxidant system

Perinereis aibuhitensis was used to assess adverse biological effects caused by acute and chronic Pb2＋exposure in artificial seawater under controlled laboratory conditions. In 96-hr acute toxicity experiments,the morphological changes showed a positive time/dose-dependent tendency,and the 96-hr LC50 value of Pb2＋was 686.41 mg/L. The responses of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tissues including catalase（CAT）,peroxidase（POD）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）,malondialdehyde（MDA） and the content of total soluble protein（TSP）,were investigated on days 1,4,7 and 10 after Pb2＋exposure under chronic toxicity testing. Results showed that the activation of the antioxidant system in P. aibuhitensis depended on the Pb2＋concentration and the duration of exposure time.Specifically,POD and SOD activities were induced on the first day of the exposure and decreased to the control level on day 10 after exposure. Therefore,these two indexes could be used to indicate oxidative stress associated with P. aibuhitensis exposure to Pb2＋.     

UASB处理酒精废水耐冲击特性与颗粒污泥分析

针对UASB耐冲击能力低的问题,采用短暂冲击负荷的方法进行52 d中试研究,并考察接种絮状污泥的UASB对以污冷凝水为主要成分的酒精废水的处理效果,结果表明,UASB呈现较强耐冲击负荷能力;第49天产气速率最高,可达3.03 L/(L·d),反应器内形成了粒径0.5~1.5 mm的颗粒,电镜扫描的颗粒污泥结构致密,由多个杆状细菌形成网状结构。在夏季无保温措施、负荷冲击条件下培养颗粒污泥是可行的。     

欢迎订阅《工业水处理》杂志

正《工业水处理》杂志于1981年创刊,是经国家科委和国家新闻出版署批准,由中海油天津化工研究设计院主办的专业性科技刊物。专门报道国内外循环冷却水、锅炉水、工艺用水及工业废水的水处理技术动态、科研成果、实践经验及科学管理等内容,设有专论与综述、试验研究、分析与监测、经验交流、工程实例、油气田水处理、科学管理等栏目。涵盖领域广阔、内容丰富严谨、信息反应快捷,是反映当代水处理技术面貌的权威性杂志,深受水处理工作者的喜爱。适于从事工业水处理领域科研、设计、生产、教学等工作的单位及个人订阅。     

三维双阴极-电Fenton法处理腌制酸菜废水的试验研究

采用三维双阴极-电Fenton法处理腌制酸菜废水,通过正交试验考察了酸菜废水中有机物去除的影响因素及其处理效果,并优化了试验条件。试验结果表明:各因素对酸菜废水COD去除率的影响程度大小依次为:pH值电流密度Fe2+用量活性炭用量极板间距电解质Na2SO4用量电解温度;通过对比分析两种电解方式对酸菜废水的处理效果,结果显示三维双阴极-电Fenton法处理酸菜废水时产生的H2O2量、电流效率、溶液中Fe2+浓度以及废水的COD去除率均高于传统单电极-电Fenton法,并分析了反应机理。三维双阴极-电Fenton法用于腌制酸菜废水处理切实可行、效果明显,为实际废水处理提供了参考。     

磷化氢的释放对提高生活污水除磷效果的试验研究

传统的污水除磷工艺通过排除剩余污泥或化学污泥达到除磷的目的,而磷化氢气体的发现,为污水除磷提供了新的途径。以磷化氢气体的形式将污水中的总磷排出系统,不仅能减少剩余污泥的排放,还能将磷化氢气体收集起来加以回收利用,可同时解决水体富营养化和磷资源匮乏的矛盾。本文首先总结了影响磷化氢气体产生的因素,并通过正交试验对密封的一体化生活污水反应器的工艺参数进行了优化,得出在铁投加量为100g、不进行预曝气时反应器收集到的磷化氢气体最多;然后通过研究磷化氢气体产生与污水总磷去除率的关系,得出提高磷化氢的释放速率将有助于提高生活污水的除磷效率;最后通过对正交试验前后系统中各种形态的磷进行物料衡算,分析了系统中磷的迁移转化途径。