Comprehensive Assessment on Tourism Eco-environment of Gansu Province Based on Spatial Data

The article studies tourism eco-environment of 14 cities of Gangsu Province, China, based on GIS with many kinds of multi-subject spatial database, such as remote sensing data, observation data and literature data. The research results were as follows. First, spatial features of 14 cities＇ tourism eco-environment are displayed with five levels of vulnerability respectively. The vulnerability in Gansu becomes worse from Gannan City, located in southern Gansu to Hexi Corridor which lies in northwestern Gansu. Second, the areas of above the middle vulnerability level make up 75% of the total areas of Gansu Province. Third, more than 70% of high-level human and natural tourism resources are in the areas with high vulnerability eco-environment. Fourth, it is crucial to develop comprehensive tourism industry in order to improve the harmonious development between tourism industry and eco-environment in Gansu Province.     

CO_2 Emission Induced by Urban Household Consumption in China

Household consumption is one of the important factors that induce COL emission. Based on input-output model, this article calculated the intensity of CO2 emission of different income groups and seven provinces in China, and then estimated total CO2 emission induced by urban household consumption from 1995 to 2004 in China based on statistic data of household living expenditure. The results show that CO2 emission per capita induced by household consumption had increased from 1583 to 2498 kg CO2 during 1995-2004. The ratio of consumption-induced CO2 emission to total CO2 emission had risen from 19% to 30% in the past decade. Indirect CO2 emission accounted for an important part of the consumption-induced emission, the ratio of indirect emission to consumption-induced emission had risen from 69% to 79% during the same period. A significant difference in consumption-induced CO2 emission across different income groups and different regions has been observed. COs emission per capita of higher income groups and developed regions increased faster than that of lower income groups and developing regions. Changing lifestyle has driven significant increase in CO2 emission. Especially, increases in private transport expenditure （for example, vehicle expenditure） and house building expenditure are key driving factors of growth in consumption-induced COL emission. There are big differences in the amount of CO2 emission induced by change in lifestyle across different income groups and provinces. It can be expected that lower income households and developing regions will increase consumption to improve their livings with income growth in the future, which may induce much more CO2 emission. A reasonable level of CO2 emission is necessary to satisfy human needs and to improve living standard, but a noticeable fact is that CO2 emission per capita induced by household consumption in developed areas of China had reached a quite high level. Adjustment in lifestyle towards a low-carbon society is in urgent need.     

资源所在地的利益补偿机制初探——以油气田资源开发为例

油气资源作为战略性资源,关系到经济发展、社会稳定、国家安全和全面建设小康社会目标的顺利实现。资源所在地为国家建设输出了大量的能源,本地的经济发展却依然处于落后状况,导致目前资源所在地出现了种种矛盾和冲突。究其原因,主要是缺乏对资源所在地的利益补偿机制所致。以油气田资源开发的利益分配现状为例,指出目前的利益分配中主要存在资源所在地税收分配收益少、开发带来的生态污染补偿缺失、油气田项目征地补偿过低、资源开发没有促进资源所在地的经济发展等问题,从福利经济学、公共政策管理的相关理论提出了构建利益补偿机制的理论依据,并在此基础上提出了收益向资源所在地倾斜、实行生态补偿、创新征地补偿方式和资源就地转化的政策建议。     

利用中巴地球资源卫星数据反演武汉市湖泊营养状态指数

以武汉市主要湖泊为例,研究了利用中巴地球资源卫星（CBERS2）数据反演水体营养状态指数（TLI）。研究旨在评估利用中巴地球资源卫星数据来估算内陆水体富营养化程度的可能性。首先利用地面水质监测数据计算武汉市某些湖泊监测点的“真实的”营养状态指数（包括综合营养状态指数和修正的Carlson营养状态指数）,同时,在事先经过辐射校正和几何校正的CBERS2图像上,以9×9像元为采样窗口,提取各个对应地点的灰度值均值（从波段1至波段4）;然后,采用多元逐步回归分析,以各波段灰度值均值为自变量,建立营养状态指数经验遥感反演模型;最后,利用模型对整个湖泊水体的营养化状态指数进行反演,并绘制了其空间分布图。 结果显示,营养状态指数的自然对数值与CBERS2图像各波段灰度值之间存在较好相关关系,回归系数平方值(R²)为0.51。利用反演模型反演得到的湖区水质分布与实际情况基本相符。由于CBERS2图像数据可以从我国许多数据分发中心免费获取,这为低成本的水质遥感监测提供了一条途径。     

生机盎然的春天

今年的春天和去年一样,来得比较早,经过甘露的滋润,阳光的普照,万物又恢复生机,他们有的抓紧在太阳低下健身,有的眼同伴嬉闹,有的伸展筋骨展示活力,有的……     

陈进冬,与野生动物结下不解之缘

江苏省如皋市地处美丽富饶的江海平原,南衔滚滚长江,东濒滔滔黄海,这里四季分明,气候宜人,有着广袤丰饶的湿地资源,为各类野生动物的生息繁衍提供了得天独厚的生活环境。     

行动〉形式

当浸润了翠绿颜色的春风再次降临的肘候,最初发源于大学校园的“地球日”活动,已经走过了40个春秋。今天,全球156个国家超过2亿以上的人加入“世界地球日”的行列,参与环境保护的工作：长期监视及对抗石油外泄、制造污染的工厂;提倡和实行资源回收循环利用;保护野生动植物……无论其组织大小及国藉有何不同,他们部有着共同的信念——用行动来保护我们的家园。     

让人流连忘返的加拿大公园

加拿大有许多国家公园、自然公园,据说数量居世界第一。建立国家公园、自然公园,由于各个国家的国情不同,它的目的也不完全一样。有的是为了保护环境,有的是为了使那些有限资源得以延续,有的则是为了发展旅游业……其实,国家公园、自然公园只不过是义同而名不同罢了。在去加拿大之前,我的一位好友写了一本《论加拿大国家公园》并送我一本,要我写点评论。当时我没有见识过加拿大的国家公园,     

生态安全：人类可持续生存和发展的基础

20世纪以来,导致生态失衡的人为压力急剧加重,生态系统健康延续受到越来越严重的威胁,不断损害着经济社会可持续发展的基础。在这种情况下,有必要让更多的人理解生态安全,以便自觉地承担起维护生态安全的责任。为此,我们邀请安徽农业大学资源与环境学院马成泽教授,全面解读生态安全。     

资源枯竭型城市能否涅槃重生？——铜都在转型

73万人口,1113平方公里面积。有铜都之称的铜陵是安徽省17个省辖市当中面积最小,人口最少的城市,也是全国最小的地级市。作为中国最早的产铜地,铜陵曾出产了新中国的第一炉铜水。因铜建城、因铜兴城之后,铜陵发展的下一步何去何从？