克雷伯氏菌产1,3-丙二醇菌株选育及甘油脱水酶基因转录分析

通过对野生克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella)进行紫外诱变,获得一株耐高浓度甘油及高浓度1,3-丙二醇的突变菌株A-39-3,该突变株产1,3-丙二醇的量较野生菌株提高了58%,副产物2,3-丁二醇和乙醇的量分别降低了27%和19%.为探讨突变株高产1,3-丙二醇的原因,通过对突变菌株发酵过程中关键酶的酶活跟踪分析,发现1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶(PDOR)的酶活力与野生菌株相差不大,甘油脱氢酶(GDH)的酶活力略有下降,而突变菌株的甘油脱水酶(GDHt)的酶活力明显高于野生菌株.并采用半定量RT-PCR方法,从转录水平上比较甘油脱水酶基因的差异,结果发现突变菌株A-39-3甘油脱水酶基因的相对mRNA转录水平是野生菌株K的2.58倍,分析说明该突变株1,3-丙二醇产量的提高与关键酶基因dhaB的mRNA转录水平关系密切.     

一株运动发酵单胞菌Zy-1快速生产乙醇

经多次实验优化，得到运动发酵单胞菌Zy发酵葡萄糖生产乙醇较合适的条件．Zy的诱变菌株Zy-1在该条件下发酵葡萄糖生产乙醇比原始菌株更有较大优势．当葡萄糖浓度为200gL^-1时，发酵48h，乙醇浓度96．5gL^-1，残糖2．3gL^-1，发酵效率为94．42％．Zy-1发酵天然原料米粉、木薯、红薯干等，发酵时间44h，乙醇浓度达95gL^-1以上，发酵效率92％以上．发酵液用DNS法测定，还原糖约2gL^-1，残总糖因原料种类不同，其值有所差异（5～20gL^-1）．经薄层层析分析，发酵液无葡萄糖，而是二糖、三糖等低聚糖．图2表5参12     

Biodegradation of phenol and m-cresol by mutated Candida tropicalis

The phenol and m-cresol biodegradations were studied using the mutant strain CTM 2 obtained by the He-Ne laser irradiation on wild-type Candida tropicalis. The results showed that C. tropicalis exhibited the increased capacity of phenolic compounds degradation after laser irradiation. It could degrade 2600 mg/L phenol and 300 mg/L m-cresol by 5% inoculum concentration, respectively. In the dual-substrate biodegradation system, 0–500 mg/L phenol could accelerate m-cresol biodegradation, and 300 mg/L m-cresol could be completely utilized within 46 hr at the presence of 350 mg/L phenol. Besides, the maximum biodegradation of m-cresol could reach 350 mg/L with 80 mg/L phenol within 61 hr. Obviously, phenol, as a growth substrate, could promote CTM 2 to degrade m-cresol, and was always preferentially utilized as carbon source. Comparatively, low-concentration m-cresol could result in a great inhibition on phenol degradation. In addition, the kinetic behaviors of cell growth and substrate biodegradation were described by kinetic model proposed in our laboratory.