负载型纳米零价铁对水中硝基苯的去除

以六方板短孔道分子筛Zr-Ce-SBA-15和纤维状长孔道分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用等体积浸渍—H2还原法合成了纳米零价铁（NZVI）复合材料NZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15和NZVI/SBA-15,采用XRD、SEM等手段进行了表征,并比较了二者对硝基苯的还原性能。表征结果显示,介孔材料能有效阻止NZVI颗粒的团聚,经负载后其粒径变小。实验结果表明：短孔道Zr-Ce-SBA-15比长孔道SBA-15更适合作载体;在NZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15和NZVI/SBA-15投加量均为1.0 g/L、初始硝基苯质量浓度为20 mg/L、pH为6的条件下,二者对硝基苯的去除率分别为94%和83%,相应的苯胺生成量为10.0 mg/L和7.8 mg/L;当NZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15投加量为1.0 g/L、初始硝基苯质量浓度为20 mg/L、pH为3时,硝基苯去除率为98%,相应的苯胺生成量为11.8 mg/L。     

Dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process

The electrochemical reduction characteristics of carbon tetrachloride (CT) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry in this study. In addition, the difference in reduction mechanisms of CT between Master Builders' iron and the catalyzed Fe-Cu process was discussed. The results showed that CT was reduced directly on the surface of copper rather than by atomic hydrogen produced at the cathode in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The reduction was realized largely by atomic hydrogen in Master Builders' iron. The entire CT in 350 ml aqueous solution with 320 mgL was reduced to trichloromethane and dichloromethane in 2.25 h when 100 g of scrap iron with FeCu ratio of 10:1 (ww) were used. Moreover, the reduction rate slowed with time. CT could be reduced at acidic, neutral and alkaline pH from solution by Fe-Cu bimetallic media, but the mechanisms were di?erent. The degradation rate was not significantly in?uenced by pH in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process; in Master Builders' iron it clearly increased with decreasing pH. The kinetics of the reductions followed pseudo-first order in both cases. Furthermore, the reductions under acidic conditions proceeded faster than that under the neutral and alkaline conditions. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process was superior to Master Builders' iron in treating CT-containing water and this advantage was particularly noticeable under alkaline conditions. The reduction was investigated in the cathode (Cu) and anode (Fe) compartments respectively, the results showed that the direct reduction pathway played an important role in the reduction by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process is of practical value.     

氧化还原介体强化厌氧活性污泥发酵产氢特征

为提高厌氧污泥的发酵产氢能力,采用间歇培养方式考察了氧化还原介体(ROMs)对厌氧污泥发酵葡萄糖产氢效能的影响,并通过川umina MiSeq测序揭示了ROMs对微生物群落的影响.结果 表明,在发酵液体积为100mL及葡萄糖初始浓度500mg/L条件下,对照的累计产氢量和最大产氢速率(Rmax)分别为11.0mL和0....     

钒和钨负载量对V2O5-WO3/TiO2表面形态及催化性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同钒和钨负载量的V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂样品,对样品NH3选择性催化还原NO性能进行了评价,并用BET、XRD、XPS等手段对催化剂样品的表面形态进行了表征.研究发现,钒的负载量对催化剂的比表面积和催化活性有显著影响,当钒负载量从1%升高到8%时,催化剂比表面积下降了16 m2/g,最高活性温度降低了约100℃.钨起到稳定剂和助剂的双重作用,当钒负载量为1%时,钨负载量从0升高到6%,催化剂比表面积仅下降了3 m2/g,而活性温度窗口向高温和低温各拓宽了约50℃.研究表明钒和钨负载量都能影响催化剂表面的VOx物种,但对催化剂的表面晶型没有明显影响.     

低温条件下Nano-MnOx上NH3选择性催化还原NO

采用流变相法制备了无载体Nano-MnOx催化剂,在低温条件下(50～150 ℃)以NH3为还原剂系统考察了氮氧化物的选择催化还原特性.结果表明,流变相法制备的Nano-MnOx催化剂具有良好的低温催化活性.实验条件下,80℃即可获得98.25%的NO转化率,100～150 ℃内NO几乎完全转化;SO2和H2O会与NO和NH3在催化剂表面产生竞争吸附,导致催化活性下降,但该影响是可逆的.经分析,较大的比表面积和较低的晶化度是Nano-MnOx具有良好低温活性的2个主要原因.     

油田硫酸盐还原菌快速定量检测方法

现有油田废水中硫酸盐还原菌检测周期长、检测费用较高,本研究应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术与倍比稀释法(MPN)相结合的DSR-MPN-PCR法,对硫酸盐还原菌进行快速定量检测.从废水中制备了直接用于PCR扩增的菌液,保证了定量准确性;建立以硫酸盐还原菌亚硫酸盐还原酶基因(Dsr)为靶位点的通用探针DSR1F和DSR5R的反应体系和扩增条件.结果表明,该方法检测灵敏度明显比液体稀释培养法高2个数量级,真实地表征了废水中实际的SRB菌数量,整个操作过程需要3～4　h,检测结果非常稳定,降低了检测费用,可以在生产中应用.     

钯/铁双金属对六氯乙烷的催化还原脱氯

用钯／铁双金属对水溶液中的六氯乙烷（HCE）进行催化还原脱氯,考察了各种因素对脱氯效果的影响。实验结果表明,在厌氧环境、饱和HCE溶液体积80mL、钯与铁质量比0．03％、钯／铁双金属质量3g、反应时间130min的条件下,脱氯率可达98．8％。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对HCE及其脱氯产物进行分析,结果表明,HCE的脱氯中间产物主要是四氯乙烯,四氯乙烯进一步脱氯的中间产物未检出。     

稀土氧化物催化还原烟气中的SO2

在实验室研究结果的基础上,建立了小型实际燃煤烟气脱硫试验装置,采用实际燃煤烟气进行了稀土氧化物催化还原烟气脱硫的试验,考察了空速、反应温度对脱硫率的影响。试验结果表明,在反应温度520～550℃、空速2800h。的条件下,脱硫率为99％,NOx的去除率为95％,SO2最高排放质量浓度为100mg／m^3,NOx最高排放质量浓度为50mg／m^3,符合GB13223-2003《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》2时段标准,与实验室的实验结果基本吻合。     

共存Zn(Ⅱ)抑制Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB还原Cr(Ⅵ)的分子机理

通过电子传递体系活性、酶活性以及实时定量PCR技术,揭示共存Zn(Ⅱ)延迟Pannonibacterphragmitetus BB(BB)生长,抑制Cr(Ⅵ)还原的分子机理.结果 表明:共存Zn(Ⅱ)抑制BB菌还原Cr(Ⅵ)主要表现为胞内和胞外抑制,共存Zn(Ⅱ)通过降低电子传递体系活性和细胞色素c氧化酶活性,抑制其胞...