蒸发浓缩不根治薯类酒糟污染

本文从环境效益和经济效益等方面比较了薯类酒糟的综合利用怀治理方法，认为采用蒸发浓缩处理是最佳途径。同时必须减少废水量，热能合理利用采用低能耗的蒸发和干燥工艺和设备。     

铅在五指山猪组织器官中的分布与积累研究

研究了铅在五指山猪（WZSP）组织器官中的分布与累积,及饲料铅含量与组织器官中铅含量的关系.将20头五指山猪随机分为5组,分别饲喂含铅量为0.046 mg·kg-1（Ⅰ组）、6.790 mg·kg-1（Ⅱ组）、17.370 mg·kg-1（Ⅲ组）、53.600 mg·kg-1（Ⅳ组）、154.000 mg·kg-1（Ⅴ组）的饲料,持续喂养100d.屠宰后取心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肺、胃、小肠、大肠、猪耳、猪舌、猪尾、里脊肉、肋排肉、股骨骨质、股骨骨髓、肋骨和猪毛,测定其中的铅含量.结果表明, 肝脏、肾脏、股骨骨质、股骨骨髓、肋骨、猪毛等组织器官的铅含量随攻毒剂量的提高而明显上升,且与饲料中的铅含量呈正相关;当饲喂铅含量低于国家标准（5mg·kg-1）时,这些组织器官内的铅含量仍有可能超标.心脏、肺、胃、大肠、里脊肉、猪舌、猪尾中的铅含量与饲料中的铅含量没有相关性,即使饲喂铅含量超过国家标准30倍以上的饲料（铅含量154.000mg·kg-1）,这些组织器官的铅含量仍低于国家限量标准.骨组织、肝脏、肾脏对铅有着较强的富集能力,而猪肉、猪耳、猪舌、猪尾、猪心、猪肺等其它组织器官中的铅累积量低于限量标准.本研究旨在为制定猪肉制品,特别是可食用组织器官的铅限量标准提供理论依据,同时,为禽畜可食用组织器官的重金属风险评估提供参考.     

酒糟厌氧发酵-气化耦合制备燃气环境影响评价

厌氧发酵-气化耦合技术是一种高效的生物质燃气化技术,具备显著的能源转化优势。为准确评估厌氧发酵程度对该耦合系统环境效益的影响,利用全生命周期分析方法,通过Gabi软件对所建立的不同厌氧发酵时间下酒糟厌氧发酵-气化耦合制备燃气模型进行环境影响评价。结果表明：厌氧发酵-气化梯度耦合反应系统基于能量流产生的环境正面影响可抵消基于物质流产生的环境负面影响,从而使系统获得正面的综合环境效益。厌氧发酵时间为8 d时系统环境影响结果最优,其环境影响潜值为-2.02×10^-9。对厌氧发酵-气化耦合系统的耦合程度进行控制,可在优化系统能量收益的同时产生最有利的环境影响,从而为耦合技术的应用提供理论指导。     

农用矿物的特点及应用机理分析

农用矿物是指经简单加工后可直接用于农业生产的矿物,它主要用于制造天然肥料、土壤改良剂、复混肥、饲料添加剂、农药、菌肥载体、作物生长调节剂等。本文着重从肥料、土壤改良、饲料生产三方面对农业矿物的特点和应用机理进行了分析和探讨。１天然肥料矿物资源作为农用...     

双菌联合固态发酵生产酒糟菌体蛋白饲料的试验研究

利用以JZ－1和JZ－2组成的双菌发酵体系对白酒酒糟进行高蛋白菌体饲料化生物转化。方法为:以预处理过的酒糟粉为主要培养基,添加少许辅料,调节培养料酸度至pH为5.5～6.0,接种上述2种液体菌种进行固态发酵。该方法的培养周期为22～24 h,所得酒糟菌体蛋白饲料的粗蛋白含量接近33%,粗纤维小于14%,氨基酸种类齐全。      

Denitrifying phosphorus removal in a step-feed CAST with alternating anoxic-oxic operational strategy

A bench-scale cyclic activated sludge technology (CAST) was operated to study the biological phosphorus removal performance and a series of batch tests was carried out to demonstrate the accumulation of denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs) in CAST system. Under all operating conditions, step-feed CAST with enough carbon sources in influent had the highest nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency as well as good sludge settling performance. The average removal rate of COD, NH₄⁺-N, PO₄³⁻ -P and total nitrogen (TN) was 88.2%, 98.7%, 97.5% and 92.1%, respectively. The average sludge volume index (SVI) was 133 mL/g. The optimum anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) conditions for the cultivation of DNPAOs could be achieved by alternating anoxic/oxic operational strategy, thus a significant denitrifying phosphorus removal occurred in step-feed CAST. The denitrification of NOx− -N completed quickly due to step-feed operation and enough carbon sources, which could enhance phosphorus release and further phosphorus uptake capability of the system. Batch tests also proved that polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the step-feed process had strong denitrifying phosphorus removal capacity. Both nitrate and nitrite could be used as electron acceptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal. Low COD supply with step-feed operation strategy would favor DNPAOs accumulation.     

关中平原畜禽粪便重金属农用风险估算

通过在关中平原畜禽养殖集中的县区采集畜禽粪便和饲料样品,测定其中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属元素含量,以评估施用畜禽粪便造成的土壤重金属累积速率和安全使用年限.结果表明,牛粪、鸡粪、猪粪样品中Cr超标率分别为7.69%、4.35%和8.00%,而猪粪中Cu、Zn超标率分别达到76.00%和8.00%.饲料样品中Cu、Zn含量高于Cr、Pb含量,且与畜禽粪便Cu、Zn含量呈极显著正相关关系,结合主成分分析可知,畜禽粪便中Cu、Zn主要来源于饲料.形态分析结果显示,畜禽粪便中Cu、Zn的有效性很高,尤其是鸡粪中Cu、Zn的有效态含量最高.若畜禽粪便施用量保持在当前水平,则施用畜禽粪便24.4~131.0年和69.7~91.9年后,大棚土壤中Cu、Zn含量即可从土壤背景值分别达到安全临界值,因此,畜禽粪便农用时,不仅要控制其施用量,还应适当减少饲料中Cu、Zn添加量.     

青霉素药渣的综合利用

本文介绍了利用青霉素药渣生产高蛋白饲料添加剂技术的生产工艺和主要技术经济指标及内容，并对该项目所产生的经济、环境和社会效益进行了分析。     

A novel integrated step-feed biofilm process for the treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater in rural areas of China

For wastewater treatment in rural areas, a novel three-stage step-feed wastewater treatment system, combined with a drop-aeration biofilm process, was tested in the laboratory to investigate its performance in removing suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The removal rates of SS, COD and NH4+-N were 90%, 80%, and 90% in efluent concentrations less than 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. The TP removal rate was less satisfactory....