让纳若尔油田采出水处理汽提脱硫阻垢技术

让纳若尔油田采出水处理汽提脱硫工艺,高温工况下结垢严重,筛选合适的阻垢剂并对其进行应用评价,使脱硫塔达到良好的运行效果。文章分析了汽提脱硫装置结垢原因,进行了常规阻垢剂筛选评价、新型合成阻垢剂性能评价、化学平衡防垢技术的研究。结果表明：现场试运行实验投加有机复合酸离子调整剂A40mg／L、新型合成阻垢剂G－3为30mg／L,作为适合本工程的阻垢剂。     

联用技术在砷形态分析中的研究进展

摘要：目前用于元素砷的形态分析技术主要是色谱与原子光谱、质谱等的联用,最常用的是HPLC与ICP—OES、ICP—MS的联用,方法准确可靠,灵敏度高,但是不能提供砷化合物的分子结构信息。因此以色谱一电喷雾质谱（ESI—MS）的联用作为定性分析的主要手段,但是ESI—MS灵敏度低,易受基体干扰,因此需要复杂的前处理技术。     

炸药爆轰气体产物中无机组份的离子色谱分析方法研究

采用超纯水、Na2CO3-NaHCO3NaOH3种不同的吸收液吸收爆轰气体产物、离子色谱进行样品分离、外标法定量,建立了爆轰气体产物中HF、HCl、HCN无机污染物的离子色谱分析方法。研究表明,炸药爆轰气体中合有一定量的HF、HCl和少量的HCN,选择3．2mmol／LNa2C03与1．0mmol／LNaHCO3混合溶液作为爆轰产物中无机组份的吸收液,吸收效率均值太于90％;离子色谱分析方法的相对标准偏差（RSD）小于5．0％,相关系数达到0．9990以上;进样量为100μL时,HF、HCl、HCN的检测限分别为0．04mg／m^3、0．03mg／m^3、0．05mg／m^3。该方法灵敏度高,回收率好,且样品预处理简单。     

“镉米”提醒防污染

《中华工商时报》报道,镉超标大米风波持续发酵,不仅导致湖南等地大米销路遇阻,更让公众对农田污染给百姓餐桌带来的威胁有了新的担忧。有调查显示,我国受重金属污染的耕地面积已达2000万公顷,占全国耕地面积的1/6。真是一石激起千重浪,广州市食品药品监管局因为工作认真了点儿,抽验起餐饮食品的安全质量时,发现44.4%的大米及米制品抽     

利用QSAR模型探讨分类条件下金属离子性质与酵母吸附容量之间的关系

在金属离子分类基础上(按金属离子的软硬性质),以啤酒工业废酵母对10种金属离子(Pb2 ,Ag ,Cr3 ,Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 ,Co2 ,Sr2 ,Ni2 、or Cs )的Langmuir理论饱和吸附容量qmax为QSAR(Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships)模型的活性参数,以金属离子的22种物理化学性质作为QSAR模型的结构参数,利用QSAR方法建立了分类条件下离子性质与酵母生物吸附容量之间的定量关系.金属的离子性质与吸附容量之间的线性回归分析结果表明,对金属离子进行适当分类可以改善拟合效果对于含有软离子的金属离子,共价指数X2mr是22种变量中预测效果最好的离子性质.离子的X2mr数值越大,离子与细胞的共价结合程度越高,吸附量越大.对于不含软离子的金属离子,极化力Z2/r、第一水解常数|log KOH|和电离势IP是qmax预测中最有价值的3个离子结构参数.(似)极化力的多种表征形式Z/r,Z/r2,Z/AR2,Z/AR也可以用于预测qmax.但考虑了金属离子的价层电子数、离子有效电荷和离子半径的极化力参数Z*2/r,却难以解释酵母吸附金属离子的亲和力顺序.该研究为预测金属离子的生物吸附容量、研究重金属离子-微生物的相互作用提供了新的思路和方法     

Does copper reduce cadmium uptake by different rice genotypes？

A hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of copper （Cu） on cadmium （Cd）, calcium （Ca）, iron （Fe）, and zinc （Zn） uptake by several rice genotypes. The experiment was carried out as a 2×2×4 factorial with four rice genotypes and two levels of Cu and Cd in nutrient solution. Plants were grown in a growth chamber with controlled environment. The results showed a significant difference between the biomass of different rice genotypes （P 〈 0.001）. The Cd and Cu concentration in the solution had no significant effect on the biomass. The addition of Cu significantly decreased Cd uptake by shoots and roots of rice （P 〈 0.001）. The Cd concentration did not significantly influence Ca uptake by plants, whereas the Cu concentration did （P = 0.034）. There was a significant influence of Cd on Fe uptake by shoots and roots （P 〈 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively）. Zn uptake decreased significantly as the addition of Cd and Cu increased in shoots. We concluded that Cu had significant influence on Cd uptake. The possible mechanisms were discussed.     

Single and joint effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and cadmium on the polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube

Using the concentration gradient and combined pollutant exposure method, the single and joint effects of petroleum hydrocarbons （PHCs） and cadmium （Cd） on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube, an ecologically keystone species in estuarine and coastal environment, have been investigated. The results indicate that the toxicity of PHCs to P. aibuhitensis is stronger than that of Cd to the organism. There are positive correlations between the mortality of worms and the exposed concentration of single Cd or PHCs in solution. Similarly, the accumulation of Cd or PHCs in worms increased with increasing Cd- or PHC-exposed concentrations. All the correlation relationships can be described using unitary quadratic equations （Y or Z = aX^2 ＋ bX ＋ c）. It is calculated, on the basis of these expressions, that the median lethal dose （LC50） ofP aibuhitensis exposed to a single Cd or PHCs is 793.4-13567.3 and 28.0-119.9 μg/L, respectively. The exposed time has some stimulative effect on the two pollutants and on the mortality of the worms. Thus, even a low concentration of a single Cd or PHCs may have strong toxic effects on the worms when the exposed time becomes longer. The accumulation of Cd or PHCs in worms differs with an increase in exposure time at the given exposed concentration of a single Cd or PHCs. Noticeably, the accumulation of PHCs in worms decreases with an increase in exposure time at the given high concentration of PHCs in solution. The joint effect of PHCs and Cd on P. aibuhitensis is very complicated and changes with the exposed concentrations of the two pollutants. At the given concentration of PHCs, the joint toxicity of the two pollutants on the worms changes from synergism to antagonism with an increase in Cd concentration. The accumulation of Cd in the worms significantly decreases with the addition of PHCs to exposure solution.     

甘蓝和油菜对镉污染土壤的修复研究

通过土培盆栽试验研究了甘蓝和油菜对土壤中重金属镉的吸收及生物净化作用。以及添加螯合剂对油菜富集镉的影响。实验结果表明：甘蓝对于高浓度镉污染土壤的修复作用并不明显,油菜对于镉污染土壤的净化作用较显著,但添加螯合剂对于提高修复水平效果并不显著。因此油菜较适宜作为镉污染土壤的修复植物,但添加螯合剂对植物修复的作用要视情况而定,不可盲目添加。     

粘土吸附水中氟离子的研究

研究了粘土和明矾去除饮用水中氟离子的机理,探讨了pH值、溶液温度、氟离子浓度和吸附时间对粘土吸附饮用水中氟离子的影响.结果表明,粘土对饮用水中氟离子具有较好的吸附效果,是较为理想的饮水除氟材料.     

离子膜制碱生产中电解槽氯气泄漏分析及对策

分析了离子膜制碱生产过程中电解槽氢气泄漏的原因,提出了应急处置方法和预防控制措施.