城市水循环中的微量污染物负荷

污水中不同的有机化合物,例如,药物、个人护理产品中的添加物、家用化学物质和工业化学等物质都对水生生态系统和人类健康带来了潜在威胁.这些污染物质的大部分在环境中含量非常低,范围在pg/L至ng/L间,因此,被称为微量污染物.这些微量污染物质对水生生态系统和人类健康的威胁表现在内分泌干扰作用、化学敏感作用,污染混合物的交互作用以及长期暴露下的慢性作用.     

回顾标准发展历程探寻国际管理经验之美国篇:颗粒物(TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)):指标缘何几经周折?

颗粒物是近年来国际修订空气质量标准的一个重要指标.据武雪芳(中国环境科学研究院环境标准研究所所长)介绍,美国在1971年首次制定颗粒物环境空气质量标准,并于1987年、1997年和2006年进行过3次修订.     

回顾标准发展历程探寻国际管理经验之美国篇:臭氧(O_3)和碳氢化合物(HC):考虑的关键因素是什么?

美国在1971年首次制定臭氧环境空气质量标准,并于1997年和2008年进行过2次修订.1971年首次制定的标准是以光化学氧化剂(以臭氧计)为基准空气污染物,仅规定了1h平均浓度限值为160μg/m3.一级和二级标准相同.     

基于我国规范与PIARC标准的公路隧道需风量分析

以某长大高速公路隧道为例,结合我国隧道通风设计规范JTJ026.1-1999与PIARC2007标准(世界道路协会),针对不同行车速度,不同车辆更新情况、不同排放标准组合形式以及是否考虑NOx等情况,对各个不同工况的需风量分别进行计算,并从需风量计算方法、机动车排放量和污染物设计浓度三个方面对隧道需风量差异进行分析。研究结果表明:我国设计规范与PIARC2007存在较大差距,为了适应当前及今后我国交通量及机动车排放特点的发展趋势,我国现行规范应在机动车排放量、污染物设计浓度限值等方面做出必要改进以达到合理确定隧道需风量的目的。     

Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.     

Evaluation of adsorption capacities of humic acids extracted from Algerian soil on polyaniline for application to remove pollutants such as Cd(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) and characterization with cavity microelectrode

The adsorption capacities of new humic acids isolated from Yakouren forest (YHA) and Sahara (Tamenrasset: THA) soils (Algeria) and commercial humic acid (PFHA) on polyaniline emeraldine base (PEB) were studied at pH 6.6. Also the adsorption of heavy metals such as Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ on humic acid-polyaniline systems (HA-PEB) was investigated at the same conditions. HA-PEB compounds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectrometry and cavity microelectrode. In addition, batch adsorption and cavity microelectrode were used in the adsorption study of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ on HA-PEB. To develop biocaptors of polluting metals using a cavity microelectrode modified by HA-PEB systems, the adsorption kinetic and adsorption capacity were investigated. The SEM analysis showed that the presence of humic acid affected the PEB surface and caused the formation of a granular morphology. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of PFHA, THA and YHA determined by adsorption isotherms were 91.31, 132.1 and 151.0 mg/g, respectively. Batch adsorption results showed that qmax of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ on HA-PEB followed the order: THA-PEB > YHA-PEB > PFHA-PEB. The voltammograms obtained with HA-PEB modified cavity microelectrode showed the appearance of new redox couples reflecting the adsorption of HA on PEB. Metal-humic acid-polyaniline voltammograms were characterized by appearance of oxidation-reduction couples or reduction wave corresponding to metal. Finally, the result may be exploited to develop a biocaptor based on the cavity microelectrode amended by THA-PEB and YHA-PEB.     

保护海洋:你能做些什么?

地球表面的2/3为海洋所覆盖,我们生存所需的氧70%由海洋提供,面对气候变化及其他威胁,我们该如何去保护海洋呢?做下面的测试去找找答案吧。1、珊瑚白化是指:A.专业的潜水员为游客清洗和漂白珊瑚礁。B.珊瑚虫排出藻类致使珊瑚礁变白的过程。C.年深日久珊瑚会掉     

特别数字

长江每年被灌污水超300亿吨 长江流域水资源保护局有关负责人近日表示表示,虽然排污量在逐年增大,但排污量增速正在变缓、污染物增幅不大。目前长江干流86％河段水质优于或符合国家地表水三类水标准,对长江的水质不用过分担忧。根据长江流域水资源保护局最新数据,去年长江排污量达到339亿吨。     

车辆非尾气管颗粒物排放特征研究

车辆尾气排放控制技术和排放标准在近年来得到了快速发展,但非尾气管(non-exhaust)排放却很少涉及.非尾气管排放主要包括车辆制动磨损、轮胎磨损、路面磨损和车辆扬尘,本研究调查了北京典型道路车流量和车辆运行速度等参数,应用欧盟非尾气管排放因子分析车辆制动磨损、轮胎磨损和路面磨损PM10排放.结果显示:不同类型道路的...     

南淝河沉积物有机物污染及其生态风险评价

参照文献报道的提取方法,利用GC和HPLC对南淝河不同河段沉积物中的四种浓度较高有机污染物(苯酚、氯代苯类、多环芳烃(PAHs)和邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs))进行了定量分析,结果表明其浓度高低顺序为多环芳烃类＞邻苯二甲酸酯类＞氯代苯类＞苯酚类.与世界各地表层沉积物中有机污染物的浓度进行对比,分析了南淝河各河段沉积物的有...