马来酸酐——丙烯酸共聚物的合成及在石灰浆液吸收S02废气中的应用

以水作溶剂、过氧化物作引发剂合成马来酸酐与丙烯酸共聚物，详细探讨了共聚物组成、引发剂浓度、反应温度和时间等因素对共聚物稳定分散Ca(OH)2碱性悬浮液吸收SO2废气的影响。结果表明，该生物降解性无磷、无氮型水质稳定剂对碱液吸收SO2的效率可提高50％以上。     

分步酸析法处理色酚AS母液及回收2,3酸

采用分步酸析法处理碱性的色酚 AS 母液,2,3酸作为滤饼被回收,母液中的色度去除率达95%,COD 去除率为50%,处理后母液的色度能达到排放标准。本方法简单易行,以废治废,有显著的环境效益和经济效益。     

废水处理系统中酯酶的活性及其作用特性

文章对兼氧-好氧染料废水生物处理系统中微生物酯酶的活性及其作用特性作了较深入的研究。试验结果表明,酯酶在兼氧和好氧池中的平均活性分别达0.482μmo·lh·g-1和0.408μmo·lh·g-1。酯酶活性同废水的COD和色度去除率之间存在很好的相关性。在pH值为8,温度为60℃条件下,兼氧和好氧池中的酯酶活性最高。较低的染料浓度有利于提高系统中酯酶的活性,超过一定浓度酯酶活性降低。染料助剂EDTA和氯化锌对兼氧池中酯酶活性的抑制作用明显,而好氧池中酯酶活性几乎不受这些助剂的影响。     

南通龙王桥河沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物的研究

本研究对南通通甲河支流龙王桥河的表层沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)随时间的变化情况,AVS与同步浸提重金属(SEM)的关系,以及AVS与有机质(OM)的关系进行了一个月的监测。结果表明:①龙王桥河表层沉积物中AVS的平均含量为1700mg/kg,远高于其他河段,上覆水中AVS的含量达到1.0mg/L,污染严重;②归一法算得SEM/AVS1,沉积物中重金属主要以硫化物形式存在;③沉积物中OM含量与AVS有相关性,OM较高时AVS的含量也较高。     

Estrogenic activities of two synthetic pyrethroids and their metabolites

Synthetic pyrethroids(SPs) are among the most common pesticides in current use,and so far,several SPs have been assessed for their potential estrogenicities by various methods.Previous studies have shown that the estrogenicities partly come from their metabolites.Although considerable information is available with respect to the metabolism and environmental degradation of SPs,little is known about the estrogenicities of the metabolites.In this study,permethrin(PM) and β-cypermethrin(CP),as well as their metabolites(3-phenoxybenzoic alcohol(PBCOH),3-phenoxybenzaldehyde(PBCHO) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid(PBCOOH) were evaluated for their estrogenic activities in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line.In the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay,PM and CP exhibited significant estrogenic activities at 10-7 mol/L,comparable to 17β-estradiol(E2 ) of 10-9 mol/L,with the relative proliferative effect ratios of 55.4% and 56.3%,respectively.The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) results confirmed the estrogenicities of PM and CP with significant alteration of pS2 and ERα mRNA levels observed at 10-6 mol/L.For the three major metabolites,PBCOH and PBCOOH exhibited estrogenic activities in all assays,while no significant estrogenic responses was observed for PBCHO compared to the vehicle control.In particular,PBCOH had even slightly stronger estrogenic activity than its parent compounds,indicating that metabolism may be one of the reasons for the estrogenicities of the SPs.Given the widespread use of SPs,the toxicological effects of parent compounds and their metabolites should be taken into consideration in the risk assessment of SPs.     

Effect of Fe（Ⅲ） on the bromate reduction by humic substances in aqueous solution

Humic substances are ubiquitous redox-active organic compounds of environment. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the reduction capacity of humic acid in the man-ix of bromate and Fe（Ⅲ） solutions and the role of Fe（Ⅲ） in this redox process. The results showed that the humic acid regenerated Fe（Ⅱ） and reduced bromate abiotically. The addition of Fe（Ⅲ） could accelerate the bromate reduction rate by forming humic acid-Fe（Ⅲ） complexes. Iron species acts as electron mediator and catalyst for the bromate reduction by humic acid, in which humic acid transfers electrons to the complexed Fe（Ⅲ） to form Fe（Ⅱ）, and the regenerated Fe（Ⅱ） donate the electrons to bromate. The kinetics study on bromate reduction further indicated that bromate reduction by humic acid-Fe（Ⅲ） complexes is pH dependent. The rate decreased by 2-fold with the increase in solution pH by one unit. The reduction capacity of Aldrich humic acid was observed to be lower than that of humic acid or natural organic matter of Suwanne River, indicating that such redox process is expected to occur in the environment.     

好氧瞬时供料法合成生物可降解塑料的研究进展

聚羟基烷酯(PHAs)作为一种可以完全生物降解的合成塑料替代品而受到越来越多的关注。好氧瞬时供料法由于高的PHAs合成能力及可利用混合菌群(如活性污泥)和有机废弃物合成PHAs显著降低成本而成为目前最具应用前景的PHAs合成技术。文章阐明了好氧瞬时供料法合成PHAs的代谢机制及工艺过程,并就采用该方法合成PHAs的过程中诸多的影响因素进行分析和探讨。     

石龙芮与酸模处理生活污水实验研究

运用无土栽培技术,通过石龙芮和酸模对生活污水的降解实验,对两种植物作为湿地植物处理生活污水的可行性进行了实验分析。实验表明两种植物对污水中的营养元素都具有较好的去除,N、P元素的最终去除率都能达到80％,石龙芮对COD的去除达到45％左右,而酸模对COD的去除可达50％。相对于单一植物系统来说,石龙芮一酸模复合植物系统可对生活污水中的P元素和COD的去除更高。研究表明石龙芮和酸模都可以作为人工湿地植物,用来处理生活污水,而两种植物都具有耐寒性,可以提高人工湿地在冬季的运行效率。     

除磷工艺中含氧条件对聚磷菌种群结构影响研究

利用分子生物学技术直接从活性污泥样品中提取DNA,采用套式PCR技术对特征基因片断进行扩增,结合DGGE(变性浓度梯度凝胶电泳)分析活性污泥中微生物种群结构.研究了除磷工艺在正常运行情况下的微生态系统种群结构,并分析了微生物群落结构及行为特征.测定了活性污泥中变形杆菌(Proteobacteria)和产酸菌(Acidobacterium)部分菌种的16S rDNA V3区片段序列,通过NCBI(美国国立生物技术信息中心)基因库比对,初步确定了部分细菌的属.在厌氧/好氧和缺氧/好氧工艺中各类优势菌群变化规律研究表明,在除磷效果稳定的情况下,系统中除磷微生物种群结构大致能保持不变,少数数量或种类发生变化的种群与系统中含氧量变化有关,但是处于动态变化中的菌群结构总体能够适应工艺运行环境.