固相萃取-气相色谱法检测水中的邻苯二甲酸酯

利用固相萃取技术富集了水中4种邻苯二甲酸酯类（PAEs）化合物：邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）。借助均匀设计法及计算机回归建模优化技术对4种PAEs的固相萃取条件进行了设计与优化，得到的最佳固相萃取条件：洗脱剂配比（正己烷与丙酮的体积比）30：1，洗脱体积2mL，洗脱速率4mL／min，上样速率8mL／min。富集后的试样用带电子捕获器的毛细管气相色谱仪检测，方法的线性范围为1～1000μg／L（DMP，DEP），0．2—100μg／L（DBP，DEHP），线性回归方程的相关系数为0．9970～1．0000，检出限为0．02-0．4μg／L，4种PAEs的回收率为69％～117％，相对标准偏差为2．5％～9．5％。[关键词]     

H酸生产废水的净化和资源回收利用的方法

该发明公开了一种H酸生产废水的净化和资源回收利用的方法，它是将过滤后的H酸生产废水通过装有树脂的吸附柱，使其中的H酸、T酸吸附在树脂上，从而实现有机物和硫酸钠饱和溶液的有效分离。     

不溶性淀粉黄原酸酯处理含镉废水的研究

本文以环氧氯丙烷与淀粉进行交联反应，然后再进行黄原酸化反应制得不溶性淀粉黄原酸酯（ISX），用ISX对含镉废水进行了处理试验，对其去除效果及影响因素进行了实验研究，并对其去除机理进行了初步探讨。试验结果表明，当其用量为651mg／L时，Cd^2＋离子去除率达99．30％。与其它方法相比，该法具有成本低、操作简单、无毒无害、易于分离、去除率高，回收废渣处理不会引起二次污染等优点。     

胆碱脂酶作为水生生物的生物标志物研究进展

应用水生生物胆碱脂酶作为生物标志物对水环境中有机磷和氨基甲酸盐杀虫剂的暴露和效应进行评价日益受到重视。它作为一种快捷有效的监测工具，将会在环境监测中得到越来越广泛深入的应用。本文介绍了该生物标志物的作用原理、应用方向，以及检测酶活性抑制的研究方法，并对它的影响因子进行分析。最后阐述了发展前景。     

酸浸渣制取硫酸亚铁的研究

论述了利用金矿冶炼中的酸浸尾渣制取硫酸亚铁溶液,主要考察了温度、反应时间、硫酸浓度、硫酸用量对铁浸出率的影响,得出了酸浸尾渣制取硫酸亚铁的最佳工艺条件.     

昆虫对拟除虫菊酯农药的抗性研究进展

拟除虫菊酯是继有机氯、有机磷和氨基甲酸酯之后具有生物活性优异、环境相容性较好的一大类杀虫剂,在防治卫生害虫和农作物害虫中占有重要地位。然而随着拟除虫菊酯农药的广泛使用,害虫普遍对其产生了不同程度的抗药性。文章就此综述了昆虫对拟除虫菊酯农药的抗药性现状、抗药性产生的原因及机制,以及昆虫对拟除虫菊酯农药与其他农药的交互抗性、昆虫的抗药性遗传和对昆虫抗药性进行监测的现行方法等国内外的研究进展。并对如何科学合理的使用拟除虫菊酯农药,及如何减缓昆虫对其产生抗性的措施进行了扼要的阐述,最后探讨了受农药影响所导致的昆虫基因多样性及生物多样性受损等问题。     

Chronic toxicity and cytotoxicity of synthetic pyrethroid insecticide cis-bifenthrin

With the increasing use of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs), the significance of ecological safety and health risk is an emerging concern. In this study, we evaluated the chronic aquatic toxicity of cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF) in Daphnia magna and its cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as human cervical carcinoma (Hela) cells. Chronic aquatic toxicity tests showed that cis-BF could significantly affect the reproduction of D. magna. The lowest observed effective concentration and the non-observed effective concentration of cis-BF to D. magna were 0.02 and 0.01 μg/L, respectively, and the chronic value was 0.014 μg/L. The intrinsic rate of natural increase was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) to 0.02 μg/L. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that cis-BF decreased cell viability in CHO and Hela cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values for Hela and CHO cells were 4.0 × 10⁻⁵ and 3.2 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L, respectively. Together, these results indicated that cis-BF induced chronic toxicity in both aquatic invertebrate animals and mammalian cells. These findings assist in understanding the impact of SPs on health and environmental safety. Considering the wide spectrum of SPs, a more comprehensive understanding of the negative effects is indispensible for planning future application and regulation of these pesticides.     

Acute effects of chlorpyryphos-ethyl and secondary treated e uents on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in Carcinus maenas

The acute effects of commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos-ethyl (Dursbanr®) and the secondary treated industrial/urban effluent (STIUE) exposure on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities in hepatopancreas and gills of Mediterranean crab Carcinus maenas were investigated. After 2 d of exposure to chlorpyriphos-ethyl, the AChE activity was inhibited in both organs at concentrations of 3.12 and 7.82 μ/L, whereas the BuChE was inhibited only at higher concentration 7.82 μ/L of commercial preparation Dursbanr®. The exposure of crabs to Dursbanr® (3.12 μ/L) showed a significant decrement of AChE activity at 24 and 48 h, whereas the BuChE was inhibited only after 24 h and no inhibition for both enzymes was observed after 72 h. Moreover, a significant repression of AChE activity was observed in both organs of C. maenas exposed to 5% of STIUE. Our experiments indicated that the measurement of AChE activity in gills and hepatopancreas of C. maenas would be useful biomarker of organophosphorous (OP) and of neurotoxic effects of STIUE in Tunisia.     

中国北方二氧化硫发生源向南方输送模拟研究

酸雨问题是中国的一个环球问题,本研究利用HYSPLIT_4模型模拟了中国北方地区二氧化硫放出后其迁移、扩散、和沉积过程。二氧化硫放出后向周边地区扩散,到达南方长江三角洲的上海市后产生浓度分布和沉积。2001年9月、10月、11月和12月北方放出的二氧化硫对南方影响较大,二氧化硫气团以华北地区为浓度中心向南方迁移,在上海市9月份出现各月垂直层中浓度和地表沉积的最大值,且地表沉积量与0m-500m层的二氧化硫浓度密切相关。     

酸碱预处理对常压微波辐射剩余活性污泥磷释放的影响

考察了污泥酸、碱预处理在常压微波处理过程中对碳、氮、磷释放的影响.结果表明,NaOH预处理将污泥磷释放率从28.8%提高到59.1%,但同时引起了碳、氮的大量释放.同碱预处理相比,硫酸预处理能够将常压微波辐射作用下污泥磷的释放率提高3倍,达到84.5%,并可达到选择性释放碳、氮、磷的效果（氮和COD释放少,而磷释放显著）,有利于后续的磷回收.优化试验表明,pH为2.1～2.2是常压微波辐射作用下污泥磷释放的最佳硫酸预处理条件.