醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲体系中柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸对高岭石的溶解特征

采用间歇法(batch method)模拟研究醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲体系中柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸三种低分子量有机酸对高岭石的溶解特征。结果表明:柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸三种有机酸均能显著促进高岭石的溶解,溶解能力都是随其浓度和酸度的升高而增强;当有机酸浓度为1mmol/L,pH3.5时,草酸>柠檬酸>苹果酸;pH5.5和pH4.5时,柠檬酸>草酸>苹果酸;而当有机酸浓度≥5mmol/L时,草酸>柠檬酸>苹果酸,且对高岭石的溶解能力都大于无机酸。当柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸浓度为1mmol/L时,反应级数(nHL)分别为0.09、0.27和0.18,速率常数(kHL)分别为4.03×10-13、2.62×10-12和4.73×10-13;当其浓度为5mmol/L时,其反应级数(nHL)分别为0.16、0.37和0.16,速率常数(kHL)分别为1.38×10-12、2.32×10-11和4.97×10-13;其浓度为10mmol/L时,反应级数(nHL)分别为0.18、0.34和0.16,速率常数(kHL)分别为2.17×10-12、2.60×10-11和6.05×10-13。对于柠檬酸和草酸而言,在促进高岭石溶解的作用上,相对于质子,配体的贡献是主要的;而对于苹果酸而言,配体的贡献是次要的。配体促进溶解速率(RL)可以用配体浓度的指数形式来表示。对柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸而言,pH5.5时,分别为RL=10-13.01[配体]0.23、RL=10-13.28[配体]0.70和RL=10-13.72[配体]0.38;pH4.5时,分别为RL=10-13.00[配体]0.51、RL=10-13.03[配体]1.05和RL=10-14.07[配体]0.77;pH3.5时,分别为RL=10-12.99[配体]0.64、RL=10-12.72[配体]0.89和RL=10-14.61[配体]1.69。     

Ca2+、Al3+对聚丙烯酰胺在高岭土絮凝过程中作用的影响

在实验条件下,Ca²⁺、Al³⁺离子对高岭土的絮凝过程有不利影响,且pH越高Ca²⁺的影响越大,pH越低,Al³⁺的影响越大.运用分子轨道(MO)理论、溶液化学计算、电子探针测试等手段,研究探讨了其作用机理.认为在酸性和中性范围内,Ca²⁺、Al³⁺离子及它们的羟基络合正离子与聚丙烯酰胺之间的相互作用造成后者分子链发生卷曲,导致絮凝效果下降;而在pH>9范围内,Ca²⁺、Al³⁺的氢氧化物沉积在高岭土表面,阻碍或抑制了聚丙烯酰胺与高岭土之间的氢键作用.     

Electrochemical remediation of copper contaminated kaolinite by conditioning anolyte and catholyte pH simultaneously

This report examined electrochemical remediation of copper contaminated kaojinite by controlling electrolytes‘ pH for both of anolyte and catholyte simultaneously.Results showed the electrokinetic process and remediation efficiency varied obviously when different buffer systems,including citric acid(test 1),nitric acid EDTA(test 2)and nitric acid(test 3),were used to control catholyte pH AND Na2CO3 was used at the same time to control all anolyte one.It was found that under such pH condition soil‘s pH in soil column kept at 3.0-7.0 successfully,and correspondingly no copper precipitation and decrease of soil electroconductivity appeared.which are usually observed in electrokinetic process due to OH^- introduction into soil cojumn by electrochemical reaction occurred in cathode.Electroosmosis flow rates were almost equal for these three tests,indicating that these buffers did not affect Zeta-potential of kaolinite within the examined duration.More acid and basic solution was added into electrokinetic cell when nitric acid was used as buffer than when nitric acid EDTA and then citric acid were used.Due to introduction of large amounts of ions into soil column,significant higher current was observed for test 3 than other two.Analysis of copper speciation and total quantity in kaolinite indicated that 22.5%,23.74%and 55.65% Cu were removed from kaolinite for test 1,test 2 and test 3 respectively after only 10 days‘ electrokinetic remediation.     

综合利用煤层高岭石泥岩夹矸

本文系统地介绍了利用煤层高岭石泥岩夹矸生产聚合铝、4A分子筛等产品的工艺过程,检测了4A分子筛的质量,彻底解决了生产过程中产生的二次污染问题。该工艺的特点是生产成本低,产品质量好,无二次污染,经济效益显著,为综合利用煤层高岭石泥岩夹矸开辟了一条新的途径。     

高岭石吸附水溶液中铅离子的动力学研究

研究了高岭石吸附水相中铅离子的动力学行为.结果表明:高岭石对水溶液中铅离子的吸附是一个复杂的非均相固液反应,从动力学角度来看,大致可以分为2个阶段:初期阶段反应速度快,动力学过程复杂,有待于深入研究;后期阶段反应速度较慢,并符合一级反应动力学方程.吸附速率常数k与温度T之间的关系符合阿累尼乌斯公式,吸附的活化能为Ea=26.44 J/mol,吸附的频率因子A=603s-1.ln(k/T)与1/T之间的关系符合Eyring公式,其活化焓△H=23.94J/mol,活化熵△S=-200J/K·mol.同时,k与铅离子初始浓度呈负相关性,与高岭石用量、介质pH值呈正相关性.