工业燃煤锅炉操作仿真培训模拟机设计

司炉工操作技能的仿真培训对于工业锅炉的安全生产和经济运行至关重要。在明确燃煤锅炉安全与节能操作仿真培训内容的基础上分析了模拟机系统所需具备的软硬件条件,提出了由锅炉实体物理模型、操作控制台、传感检测控制器、仿真微机组成的燃煤锅炉安全与节能操作仿真培训模拟机的整体方案及实现原理,并以4t/h链条炉排燃煤锅炉为原型,设计了具有超高仿真度的带有剖析结构的缩小比例锅炉实体物理模型,以及基于PLC的传感检测电控系统,实现了燃煤锅炉安全与节能操作的仿真培训及考核。     

《安全科技概论》课程教学改革探讨

介绍了《安全科技概论》课程的教学目的和教学大纲要求,探讨了该课程教学过程中存在的问题。参考注册安全工程师执业资格考试大纲,以及国家相关政策法规,对该课程的教学大纲内容作了适当的修改和完善,提出了传统与案例相结合的教学方法。针对学生的专业特点及专业培养目标,分析了该课程在不同专业体系中应该讲授的重点内容。结论表明：得出的结论对提高《安全科技概论》的教学质量有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

从尊重生命谈企业安全教育培训

某种程度上,工作场所承担一定的风险是不可避免的,如果危害不能被替代或消除,就要采取措施使员工的接触风险降到最小,如制定安全操作规程、训练员工安全作业、提供健康安全教育。国际劳工组织的体面劳动议程中阐述,体面的工作必须是安全的工作。让企业员工安全地工作,必须做到意识在先、教育在先。由此,笔者提出搞好安全培训,提升企业员工的安全理念,应顺应时代的发展,弘扬尊重生命的理念、引入新的培训模式。首先要从尊重生命的角度,将人文关怀引入到培训中,引导员工理解生命的意义,从而提高安全教育的效果。另外探索适合成年人的培训模式,实现以行动为中心的学习方式。当员工愿意思考培训中的一些问题并做出积极的反应时,我们则有理由相信,培训已经对他们产生了影响。     

烟花爆竹安全生产核心问题研究

烟花爆竹生产作为高危行业,具有很高的风险性和危险性。烟花爆竹安全事故频繁发生,重大事故也时有发生。为改变这种局面,降低烟花爆竹安全事故发生的机率及后果的严重性,本文根据我国当前烟花爆竹的生产和管理现状,对我国烟花爆竹安全生产的核心问题进行了研究,分析了烟花爆竹的危险性和事故发生的原因,结合黑龙江伊春"8.16"特别重大烟花爆竹爆炸事故调查的经历,从技术和管理两个层面提出了有针对性的安全保障措施和建议,对我国烟花爆竹行业的安全生产和监管提供指导和参考。     

Effectiveness of a Coral-Derived Surfacing Material for Reducing Sediment Production on Unpaved Roads, Schoffield Barracks, Oahu, Hawaii

This study evaluated the effectiveness of two application rates of a coral-derived surfacing material for both traffic and nontraffic road conditions using simulated rainfall (110–120 mm h⁻¹ for 30–90 min) on 0.75-m (wide) × 5.0-m (long) plots of similar slope (roughly 0.1 m m⁻¹). The coral is a locally available material that has been applied to unpaved roads surfaces on Schoffield Barracks, Oahu, Hawaii (USA), where this experiment was conducted. The simulations show that compared with a bare control plot, the coral-based surface application rates of 80 and 160 kg m⁻² (equivalent to only 10- and 20-mm thicknesses) reduced road sediment production by 75% and 95%, respectively, for nontraffic conditions. However, after two passes of the research vehicle during wet conditions, sediment production rates for the two coral treatments were not significantly different from those on the bare road plots. The overall effectiveness of the coral-derived surfacing material is unsatisfactory, primarily because the on-road surface thickness associated with the application rates tested was too small. These rates were selected to bracket those applied to training roads in the study area. Furthermore, the composition of the coral-based material does not facilitate the development of a sealed, erosion-resistant surface. When applied at the low rates tested, the coral material breaks down under normal traffic conditions, thereby losing its ability to counter shearing forces exerted by overland flow on long hillslopes where erosion measures are most needed. These simulations, combined with observations on roads in the study area, indicate that this material is not an appropriate road surfacing material for the site—at least for the low application rates examined. These results are preliminary; extended testing of higher applications rates at the hillslope scale under natural climate and traffic conditions is needed to better judge the effectiveness of this material over time.     

浅谈高等职业教育

高职院校应以就业为导向,以为社会培养技术应用型人才为目标办好高等职业教育。要转变办学思想,树立为社会经济发展培养实用技术型人才的观念,深入社会调查,合理设置专业,变革现有课程、教材;培养“双师型”教师,提高高职院校的教学质量,突出实践能力的培养,以确保学生毕业后能够顺利走向工作岗位,提高学生就业率。     

抢险救灾物资保障模拟训练系统分析与设计

计算机模拟训练是增强抢险救灾应急保障能力的重要手段,在联合仿真建模技术的基础上分析并设计了抢险救灾物资保障模拟训练系统。提出了系统功能需求,主要包括物资保障业务、分布交互式协同、模型管理与优化、数据管理、过程推演与保障流程控制等;分析了三层系统结构,基础平台层由指挥系统、导调控制系统、RTI等组成,资源层由模型库、知识库、数据库等组成,应用层则由生活、野营、医疗、工程、装备等五个模拟训练子系统组成;给出了基于联合仿真建模技术的仿真模型设计流程,并完成了基于HLA的分布式系统设计,构建了抢险救灾物资保障的四类联邦成员,设计了FOM与SOM模型,完成了Agent-DEVS联邦模型与RTI的接口。以上研究为开展抢险救灾应急保障模拟训练奠定了基础。     

高职院校市场营销专业工学结合典型案例研究

通过对中国环境管理干部学院市场营销专业与北京2688电子商务有限公司开展的校企合作项目典型案例进行分析,指出该项目通过将企业真实任务引入校园市场,构建了基于完整工作流程的市场营销专业实践教学体系,并且打通了校内实践教学、顶岗实习与就业的人才培养通道,真正意义上实现了“订单式”培养。     

科技后备人才培养的有关问题探讨

该文分析了国内外人才培养模式的发展和变化,介绍了国家自然科学基金委员会青少年科技活动专项的资助管理模式和其在推动我国青少年科技活动开展中所发挥的作用,并就所资助活动中的典型事例进行了分析.文章最后提出:根据国家发展战略需要,建立人才培养的长效机制;发挥部门优势作好科技后备人才的培养工作;加强科学和教育的结合,共同完善科技人才培养体系;创新人才培养模式,改善青少年科技竞赛类项目;根据学科特点,分别地域条件有针对性地开展青少年科技活动;注重学科交叉,发挥政府部门引导作用;关注国家重大问题和前沿科学进展,有重点地开展青少年科技活动;顺应人才成长的内在客观规律,作好人才培养各环节的衔接.     

Preventing fall-from-height injuries in construction: Effectiveness of a regulatory training standard

Introduction: A regulatory training standard for construction workers using fall protection equipment became mandatory in 2015 in the province of Ontario, Canada. By the end of the transition period in 2017, 418,000 workers had been trained to the new standard. Two primary research questions were posed: (1) To what extent does the WAH training affect practices at the worksite? and (2) Has there been a change in the incidence of fall-from-height injuries coincident with the introduction of the WAH Training Standard? Materials and methods: A longitudinal survey of 633 learners was conducted in 2017 at one-, four- and seven-week post-training. A quasi-experiment estimated the incidence of lost-time injuries attributed to falls from heights in 2017 compared to 2012–2014 for a census of construction workers insured for work disability in Ontario, Canada. Results: Learners self-reported substantial increases in knowledge of and improvements in safe work practices when working at heights. The incidence rate of lost-time claim injuries attributed to falls targeted by the training declined by 19.6% (95% CI: 10.7, −27.6), compared to corresponding declines of 2.1% (95% CI: −6.3, 9.9) for other fall injuries and 7.2% (95% CI: 1.8, 12.3) for non-fall traumatic injuries. The observed decline was largest among the smallest employers (<5 full-time equivalent employees). Conclusion: The evaluation findings provide consistent support for a conclusion that the mandatory training standard was effective in reducing the incidence of injuries targeted by the training. However, the effects were modest and did not eliminate the problem. Practical application: A mandatory training standard should be considered as one approach to preventing traumatic injuries. However, other approaches higher in the hierarchy of risk controls should also be considered.