全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2828篇 |
免费 | 711篇 |
国内免费 | 1333篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 213篇 |
废物处理 | 126篇 |
环保管理 | 143篇 |
综合类 | 2169篇 |
基础理论 | 1537篇 |
污染及防治 | 480篇 |
评价与监测 | 135篇 |
社会与环境 | 34篇 |
灾害及防治 | 35篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 13篇 |
2023年 | 76篇 |
2022年 | 123篇 |
2021年 | 154篇 |
2020年 | 121篇 |
2019年 | 117篇 |
2018年 | 210篇 |
2017年 | 242篇 |
2016年 | 266篇 |
2015年 | 289篇 |
2014年 | 312篇 |
2013年 | 339篇 |
2012年 | 355篇 |
2011年 | 310篇 |
2010年 | 312篇 |
2009年 | 266篇 |
2008年 | 217篇 |
2007年 | 174篇 |
2006年 | 181篇 |
2005年 | 133篇 |
2004年 | 112篇 |
2003年 | 90篇 |
2002年 | 74篇 |
2001年 | 73篇 |
2000年 | 64篇 |
1999年 | 48篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 37篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 28篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4872条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
992.
The solubilization of four pairs of substituted indole compounds (SICs) by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in water was investigated. The results show that 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole and N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole form 1:1 inclusion complexes with β-CD, while the other six SICs form 1:2 inclusion complexes, respectively. To each pair of SICs with similar structures, the differences between their solubilization in β-CD/water solutions has been explained by the difference of their contact area within the β-CD cavity, the difference of their molecule polarity, or the presence of hydrogen bond between SIC molecule and β-CD molecule. 相似文献
993.
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: Air pollution has been of a major problem in the Pearl River Delta of south China, particularly during the last two decades. Emissions of air pollutants from industries have already led to damages in natural communities and environments in a wide range of the Delta area. Leaf parameters such as chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf area (LA), dry weight (DW) and leaf mass per area (LMA) had once been used as specific indexes of environmental stress. This study aims to determine in situ if the daily variation of chlorophyll fluorescence and other ecophysiological parameters in five seedlings of three woody species, Ilex rotunda, Ficus microcarpa and Machilus chinensis, could be used alone or in combination with other measurements for sensitivity indexes to make diagnoses under air pollution stress and, hence, to choose the correct tree species for urban afforestation in the Delta area. METHODS: Five seedlings of each species were transplanted in pot containers after their acclimation under shadowing conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were made in situ by a portable fluorometer (OS-30, Opti-sciences, U.S.A). Ten random samples of leaves were picked from each species for LA measurements by area-meter (CI-203, CID, Inc., U.S.A). DW was determined after the leaf samples were dried to a constant weight at 65 degrees C. LMA was calculated as the ratio of DW/LA. Leaf N content was analyzed according to the Kjeldhal method, and the extraction of pigments was carried out according Lin et al. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The daily mean Fv/Fm (Fv is the variable fluorescence and Fm is the maximum fluorescence) analysis showed that Ilex rotunda and Ficus microcarpa were more highly resistant to pollution stress, followed by Machilus chinensis, implying that the efficiency of photosystem II in I. rotunda was less affected by air pollutants than the other two species. Little difference in daily change of Fv/Fm in I. rotunda between the polluted and the clean site was also observed. However, a relatively large variation of Fv/Fm appeared in the other two species, particularly in M. chinensis, suggesting that they were more sensitive to air pollutants than I. rotunda. The mean LA was reduced for all species growing at the polluted site. The mean LMA for all species exceeded the sclerophylly threshold given by Cowling and Campbell and increased for those under pollution stress, which could be explained as one of the acclimation strategies for plants to air pollution stress. Little difference in leaf chlorophyll content was observed in F. microcarpa and M. chinensis, while remarkable differences were found in I. rotunda growing at the polluted and the clean site. Content of leaf carotenoids was largely reduced in I. rotunda growing at the polluted site, but increased in F. microcarpa and M. chinensis, compared with plants growing at the clean site. Plants growing at the clean site had a lower leaf N content than those growing at the polluted site. In addition, species with a higher resistance to pollution stress showed less difference in leaf N content than those sensitive species. CONCLUSION: Based on Fv/Fm measurements of the three woody species, I. rotunda showed the highest resistance to air pollutants from ceramic industries, followed by F. microcarpa. M. chinensis was the most sensitive species to air pollution, had lowest capacities to cope with the air pollution stress, which was consistent with visual injury symptoms observed in the crown profiles of plants at the polluted site. Fv/Fm, LAM, LA, leaf pigments and N content could be used alone or in combination to diagnose the extent of the physiological injury. The ratio of Fv/Fm, however, was the best and most effective parameter. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: Tree species which have higher air-pollutant resistance, as diagnosed by such ecophysiological parameters, should be considered first and planted widely for urban afforestation or forest regeneration in areas where the forest was seriously degraded or forest health was markedly effected by the same kind of air pollutants. 相似文献
994.
Qianfeng Li Di Hu Sirakarn Leungsakul Richard M. Kamens 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2007,41(40):9341-9352
This work merges kinetic models for α-pinene and d-limonene which were individually developed to predict secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from these compounds. Three major changes in the d-limonene and α-pinene combined mechanism were made. First, radical–radical reactions were integrated so that radicals formed from both individual mechanisms all reacted with each other. Second, all SOA model species from both compounds were used to calculate semi-volatile partitioning for new semi-volatiles formed in the gas phase. Third particle phase reactions for particle phase α-pinene and d-limonene aldehydes, carboxylic acids, etc. were integrated. Experiments with mixtures of α-pinene and d-limonene, nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and diurnal natural sunlight were carried out in a dual 270 m3 outdoor Teflon film chamber located in Pittsboro, NC. The model closely simulated the behavior and timing for α-pinene, d-limonene, NO, NO2, O3 and SOA. Model sensitivities were tested with respect to effects of d-limonene/α-pinene ratios, initial hydrocarbon to NOx (HC0/NOx) ratios, temperature, and light intensity. The results showed that SOA yield (YSOA) was very sensitive to initial d-limonene/α-pinene ratio and temperature. The model was also used to simulate remote atmospheric SOA conditions that hypothetically could result from diurnal emissions of α-pinene, d-limonene and NOx. We observed that the volatility of the simulated SOA material on the aging aerosol decreased with time, and this was consistent with chamber observations. Of additional importance was that our simulation did not show a loss of SOA during the daytime and this was consistent with observed measurements. 相似文献
995.
采用O3、UV/O3高级氧化法对水中六氯苯(HCB)的降解效果及机理进行了研究,并对结果进行了比较,结果表明,UV本身对HCB的去除率贡献不大,HCB可被O3、UV/O3快速降解,即UV<O3<UV/O3;O3、UV/O3作用时,提高体系的初始pH值不利于HCB的降解,在pH=3,HCB=0.2 mg/L,反应40 min时,HCB的去除可达50%左右,酸性条件下有利于降解反应的进行;无论是O3单独作用还是UV/O3联合作用,HCB的降解基本上满足准一级反应动力学规律,如果体系的pH值基本保持恒定,这种规律就更为明显。根据离子色谱(IC)、GC对六氯苯降解中间产物进行了测定,探讨了O3、UV/O3降解六氯苯的途径和机理。 相似文献
996.
新型复合球填料为沸石与悬浮球填料的有机组合体,密度约为0.92~0.97g/cm^3,比表面积为711~1185m^2/m^2,表面粗糙,物化性能稳定。在曝气量为20:1,停留时间为6h时,装有新型复合球填料的反应柱挂膜容易,成膜时间短,膜不易脱落,且生物相丰富。膜成熟时对生活污水中的氨氮和COD都有很好的去除效果,出水氨氮浓度≤2mg/L,去除率≥93%;出水COD浓度≤22mg/L,去除率≥80%。新型复合球反应柱在稳定状态处理低浓度的二级出水时,出水氨氮浓度≤2mg/L,去除率89%,出水COD浓度为10~36mg/L,去除率为48%~81%。出水水质符合GB50335-2002标准。 相似文献
997.
钛基燃烧催化剂的抗硫性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了钛基非贵金属燃烧催化剂的硫中毒过程及载体吸硫特性。结果表明,催化剂的抗硫能力与载体吸硫量有关,不同催化剂的抗硫性能为:Cat.3>Cat.4>Cat.5>Cat.1>Cat.2,本文还讨论了硫中毒机理。 相似文献
998.
Yorianta?Sasaerila Regine?Gries Gerhard?Gries Grigori?Khaskin Skip?King Stephen?Takács Hardi?) 《Chemoecology》2003,13(2):89-93
Summary. During peak calling activity by male oil palm bunch
moths, Tirathaba mundella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), their
hairpencils, wings or entire body were extracted in hexane. Gas
chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of
hair pencil extracts revealed four compounds that consistently elicited
responses from female antennae. The NMR spectrum of isolated compound 1,
and mass spectra and retention indices of compounds 1–4 suggested that
they were (3S,6S)-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-ol (1),
4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (2, vanillin),
6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (3), and
6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanol (4). Comparative GC and GC-MS analyses
of hair pencils extract and synthetic standards confirmed these
structural assignments. Moreover, comparative chromatography of
synthetic and hairpencil-isolated 1 on a Cyclodex-B column (which
separated the four stereoisomers with baseline resolution) revealed that
male T. mundella produce the SS-stereoisomer (SS-1). In field cage
bioassay experiments in Palembang, Indonesia, synthetic SS-1 and
vanillin in combination, but not singly, attracted female T. mundella.
SS-1 plus vanillin were as effective as male T. mundella in attracting
females. Compounds 3 and 4 did not enhance the blend's attractiveness.
Received October 11 2002; accepted March 14, 2003.
R1D="
Correspondence to: Gerhard Gries, email: gries@sfu.ca 相似文献
999.
邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶基因克隆、定位和高效表达 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
采用特异性引物,以菲、芘降解菌株ZL5的代谢性质粒为模板,扩增出邻苯二酚2,3—双加氧酶(C23O)基因,将该基因和表达载体pET—30a( )连接,转化E.coli JM109(DE3),获得了高效表达的转化子,SDS—PAGE结果表明,转化子的C23O蛋白不仅在细胞内存在,而且能被分泌到胞外,薄层扫描显示,转化子细胞内和细胞外表达蛋白总量占细胞总蛋白的42%,酶活分析表明,分布在转化子细胞内、外的表达蛋白都具有较高的C23O比活力,Southern杂交将菌株ZL5的C23O基因定位在内生质粒的不同酶切片段上。图5表1参12。 相似文献
1000.