单斜相纳米氧化锆基低温SCR催化剂脱硝机制研究

以纳米m-ZrO2为载体,用浸渍法制备出MnOx-CeO2/m-ZrO2催化剂,考察反应温度、活性组分负载量对催化剂NH3-SCR脱硝活性影响,探讨催化剂表面织构特征,分析催化剂脱硝活性机制.结果表明,在低温脱硝温度范围,提高反应温度、增加活性组分负载量,有利于催化剂脱硝效率的增加.110℃时,2.5%MnOx-CeO2/m-ZrO2脱硝效率为55.5%,15%MnOxCeO2/m-ZrO2脱硝效率达93.5%.XRD、BET、XPS、H2-TPR表征结果表明,催化剂表面具有良好的氧化还原能力,表面织构对脱硝反应有利.NH3-TPD测试显示,MnOx-CeO2/m-ZrO2催化剂的脱硝反应机制为:NH3吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis酸性位和Brnsted酸性位上,通过反应生成相应中间产物NH2NO或NH4NO2,中间产物进一步分解最终转变为N2和H2O;催化剂总脱硝反应效率中,在Lewis酸性位上的脱硝反应占比较大.     

三维叠前时间偏移技术在江苏WZD地区的应用

当地下地质构造复杂、断裂发育,横向速度变化不是太剧烈的情况下,提高偏移成像精度,三维叠前时间偏移是一种行之有效的方法。三维叠前时间偏移取得成功的关键:一是高保真、高信噪比的叠前数据;二是建立一个合理的三维偏移速度场。随着计算机性能的不断提高,三维叠前时间偏移逐渐成为常规处理技术,该技术在江苏油田WZD地区得到了广泛的应用,实际资料处理结果及钻探效果证实了三维叠前时间偏移技术是解决WZD地区复杂构造成像精度的一种好方法。     

基于固态碳源的同步硝化反硝化反应器对海水养殖废水中氮的去除性能

通过批次实验考察了非生物作用下3-羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV)的有机碳释放规律;以PHBV颗粒和陶粒作为填料建立了填充柱生物膜反应器,并通过长期(90 d)运行考察了其对海水养殖废水中氮的去除性能。结果表明,非生物作用下PHBV难以向水体中释放有机碳;以PHBV作为固态碳源的生物膜反应器可以实现同步硝化反硝化。反应器运行状态(HRT为2 h)稳定后,氨氮和总氮的去除率分别为(91.8±1.3)%和(87.5±2.2)%,硝化速率和反硝化速率分别为0.11 g·(L·d)⁻¹和0.20 g·(L·d)⁻¹。填充柱沿水流方向可以分为2个区段,0~20 cm柱体内主要进行同步硝化反硝化过程,20~100 cm柱体内主要进行反硝化过程;反应器中微弱的亚硝酸盐积累可以归因于短程反硝化。以上研究成果可以为海水养殖业绿色发展提供参考。     

不同阳离子和碳氮比对反硝化性能及亚硝酸盐氮积累的影响

在序批式反应器(SBR)中,采用乙酸钠为碳源,通过硝酸钠和硝酸钙的交替投加、微量元素的投加以及碳氮比(COD/NO₃⁻-N)的改变,探究了不同控制条件对反硝化性能及NO₂⁻-N积累的影响,并分析了反应器中微生物种群演替特征。结果表明,在以乙酸钠为碳源的SBR中,Ca²⁺浓度过高会抑制反硝化。以NaNO₃为NO₃⁻-N来源时,硝酸盐氮还原率维持在50%左右;相同条件下,以Ca(NO₃)₂为NO₃⁻-N来源时,硝酸盐氮还原率仅有20%。反应器中补充适量磷元素后,硝酸盐氮还原率提高至62%,同时有少量的亚硝酸盐氮积累。当C/N比提高为4后,硝酸盐氮还原率大于98%,长期运行下亚硝酸盐氮积累率平均为83.8%。高通量测序分析结果表明,变形菌门和拟杆菌门在系统中占主导地位。NO₂⁻-N积累的关键功能菌属是Thauera菌属,其最高占比为17.25%。以Ca(NO₃)₂为NO₃⁻-N来源时,Thauera菌属占比仅为0.14%。以上研究结果为短程反硝化的快速启动和稳定运行提供参考。     

某燃煤超低排放机组非常规污染物脱除

燃煤电厂非常规污染物的排放尚未引起足够的重视。为全面表征燃煤电厂非常规污染物脱除性能,针对某1 000 MW燃煤超低排放机组,分别采用FPM和CPM一体化采样系统、安大略法(OHM)、控制冷凝法、HJ 646-2013规定的有机物测试方法,系统研究了CPM、Hg、SO₃、PAHs等非常规污染物的梯级脱除特性。结果表明：100%、75%负荷时低-低温电除尘系统对CPM脱除率分别为87.15%、92.20%,湿法脱硫分别为49.65%、45.55%,不同负荷下FPM分别为3.6、4.4 mg·m⁻³,但CPM却分别达14.2、15.3 mg·m⁻³,CPM的浓度远超FPM;低-低温电除尘系统脱Hg效率为64.81%,整个系统的脱Hg效率为75.5%,Hg^p全部被脱除,剩余的是难以脱除的Hg⁰、Hg²⁺,脱除率分别为为63.01%、64.29%,Hg⁰排放浓度为5.4 μg·m⁻³,Hg²⁺排放浓度为0.5 μg·m⁻³;SCR脱硝催化剂将SO₂氧化成SO₃的转化率约为0.7%,低-低温电除尘系统可脱除88.7%的SO₃,湿法脱硫对SO₃的脱除率为29.63%,最终SO₃排放浓度为1.9 mg·m⁻³;全系统对16种PAHs脱除率达94.25%,其中,气相、固相脱除率分别为91.61%、99.27%,最终气相、固相PAHs排放浓度分别为2.39 μg·m⁻³和0.11 μg·m⁻³。现有超低排放设备对非常规污染物均有不同程度的协同脱除效果,满负荷条件下该机组CPM、Hg、SO₃、PAHs排放浓度分别为14.2 mg·m⁻³、5.9 μg·m⁻³、1.9 mg·m⁻³、2.5 μg·m⁻³,Hg的排放浓度满足火电厂大气污染物排放标准(GB 13223-2011)中30 μg·m⁻³的要求,CPM、SO₃、PAHs尚无国家强制排放标准。本研究结果可为燃煤电厂后续非常规污染物的控制提供参考。     

Biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in the presence of primary substrate by immobilized pure culture bacteria

In this study, pure strains that are capable of utilizing 2,4,6-trichlorophenol have been isolated from the mixed culture grown on substrates containing chlorophenolic compounds. Studies have been carried out on the capability of these isolated pure strains in suspended and immobilized forms to decompose 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Additionally, the influence of primary substrates (e.g., phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol) on the decomposition of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by the isolated pure strains grown in immobilized form is also investigated. The results are: Through bacterial isolation and identification, three pure strains have been obtained: Pseudomonas spp. strain 01, Pseudomonas spp. strain 02 and Agrobacterium spp. Whether in suspended or immobilized forms, all strains have poor removal efficiencies of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. However, addition of 200 mg/l phenol will enable the immobilized Pseudomonas spp. strain 01, and Pseudomonas spp. strain 02 to achieve 65% and 48% removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, respectively. Addition of phenol will assist the immobilized Pseudomonas spp. strain 02 in achieving removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol but the removal efficiency is not good if the phenol concentration is too low. The optimum phenol concentration should be between 200 and 400 mg/l.     

3-Way pattern-recognition of PAHs from Galicia (NW Spain) seawater samples after the Prestige's wreck

In November 2002 the oil tanker ‘Prestige’ released 65 000 tons of a heavy fuel oil throughout the Galician coastline (NW Spain), causing extensive damage to marine life, natural resources and economic activities at Northern Portugal, Spain and SW France. To evaluate the impact of the oil spill on the aquatic system, 30 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including alkylated derivatives, were analyzed in seawater on five different sampling campaigns from 2002 to 2004. Sampling was made along the Galician continental shelf. In each station three samples were collected at three different depths (surface, mid-depth and bottom). Four different approaches for 3-way analyses (Catenated-PCA, Matrix-Augmented Principal Components Analysis, Parallel Factor Analysis and Procrustes rotation) have been used to asses the major sources of PAHs into the seawater. They revealed two main pollution patterns: one related to oil spillages and discharge of petroleum products, and another more associated with a diffuse anthropogenic origin.     

Fe^3＋掺杂TiO2/凹凸棒复合材料的光催化性能

采用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列Fe^3＋掺杂TiO2/凹凸棒（Fe^3＋-TiO2/ATP）复合光催化剂材料。在可见光条件下,以亚甲基蓝（MB）溶液的光催化降解反应,评价了样品的光催化性能,研究了TiO2负载量、Fe^3＋掺杂量和焙烧温度对复合材料光催化性能的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验设计（L25（53））优化了催化剂的制备条件。光催化实验结果表明,MB在复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood（L-H）动力学模型。正交实验结果表明,当TiO2负载量为15%、Fe^3＋掺杂量为0.5%和焙烧温度为550℃时,得到的复合材料对MB的光催化降解效率最佳,测得表观反应速率常数kapp为6.09×10^-3min^-1,反应4 h后MB的降解率（Dt）可达75.88%,相同实验条件下与P25（1.51×10^-3min^-1）相比较,反应速率提高了4.03倍,降解率提高了45.05%。另外,复合材料的沉降性能优于P25,易于分离,是一类有应用前景的复合光催化剂。敏世雄王芳魏立强王永生冯雷佟永纯韩玉琦     

磷酸活化植物基活性炭对水溶液中铅的吸附

以棉秆与互花米草为原料,采用磷酸活化法制备了低成本的植物基活性炭,通过静态实验研究了其对重金属铅的吸附性能。结果表明,在活化温度为500℃、活化时间为2 h条件下,制备的棉秆和互花米草活性炭比表面积为1 570m2/g和856 m2/g,含氧酸官能团含量分别为1.43 mmol/g和1.27 mmol/g。在25℃下,两种活性炭对重金属铅的Langmuir最大吸附量分别为119 mg/g和111 mg/g,吸附最佳pH为4.3,吸附平衡符合Freundlich方程,离子交换在吸附过程中发挥了重要作用。     

Photocatalytic oxidation of monuron in the suspension of WO3 under the irradiation of UV-visible light

A comprehensive study of the degradation of monuron, one of the phenylurea herbicides, was conducted by UV-Vis/WO₃ process. It was found that hydroxyl radicals played a major role in the decay of monuron while other radicals (e.g. superoxide) and hole might also contribute to the decomposition of monuron. The oxidation path likely plays a major role in the generation of hydroxyl radicals. The effects of initial pH level, initial concentration of monuron, and inorganic oxidants on the performance of UV-Vis/WO₃ process were also investigated and optimized. Comparison between monuron decay pathways by UV-Vis/WO₃ and UV/TiO₂ was conducted. The decay mechanisms, including N-terminus demethylation, dechlorination and direct hydroxylation on benzene ring, were observed to be involved in the oxidation of monuron in these two processes. Sixteen intermediates were identified during the photodegradation of monuron and degradation pathways were proposed accordingly.