Long-term dynamics of radioactive <Superscript>90</Superscript>Sr and <Superscript>137</Superscript>Cs contamination of small mammals in the Chernobyl zone

Between 1986 and 1994, a decrease in nonalimentary ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs intake and changes in the accessibility of radionuclides in the soil-plant link of their cycle resulted in a 10-to 100-fold decrease in their specific activity (SA) in the bodies of small mammals inhabiting the Chernobyl zone, and a similar decrease was observed in the radionuclide transition factor (TF) in the soil-animal chain. Between 1995 and 2005, no consistent increase or decrease in SA or TF could be revealed against the background of a combined effect of different physicochemical and ecological factors. It is suggested that subsequent changes in the level of radioactive contamination of small mammals will generally reflect only the dynamics of physical ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs decay, but, nevertheless, seasonal and local variations in this level will be significant.     

Adapting the bioblitz to meet conservation needs

When conservation strategies require new, field‐based information, practitioners must find the best ways to rapidly deliver high‐quality survey data. To address this challenge, several rapid‐assessment approaches have been developed since the early 1990s. These typically involve large areas, take many months to complete, and are not appropriate when conservation‐relevant survey data are urgently needed for a specific locale. In contrast, bioblitzes are designed for quick collection of site‐specific survey data. Although bioblitzes are commonly used to achieve educational or public‐engagement goals, conservation practitioners are increasingly using a modified bioblitz approach to generate conservation‐relevant data while simultaneously enhancing research capacity and building working partnerships focused on conservation concerns. We term these modified events expert bioblitzes. Several expert bioblitzes have taken place on lands of conservation concern in Southern California and have involved collaborative efforts of government agencies, nonprofit organizations, botanic gardens, museums, and universities. The results of expert bioblitzes directly informed on‐the‐ground conservation and decision‐making; increased capacity for rapid deployment of expert bioblitzes in the future; and fostered collaboration and communication among taxonomically and institutionally diverse experts. As research and conservation funding becomes increasingly scarce, expert bioblitzes can play an increasingly important role in biodiversity conservation.     

90Sr在干旱地区包气带砂土中的迁移研究

放射性废物处置的基本安全目标是保护人类和环境免受电离辐射的有害影响.开展处置场环境影响评价可以量化它对人体健康和环境潜在影响.90Sr是放射性废物中具有代表性的裂变核素.为了获取90Sr在干旱地区某处置场址包气带砂土中的迁移规律,采用静态实验和动态实验对其在砂土的迁移进行了研究.结果表明,对于该场址,砂土对90Sr的吸附能力较弱;静态实验测量得到的分配系数与动态实验拟合计算得到的相差约一个量级;采用非平衡模式模拟该场址包气带砂土中90Sr的迁移更为恰当.     

基于“90后”大学生特点的高校辅导员工作方法

经济全球化和信息网络技术的发展,为高校大学生的思想政治工作既提供了机遇,也带来了诸多挑战。面对9"0后"思想叛逆、社会意识淡薄、功力倾向严重等现象,高校辅导员思想政治工作要引导学生融入校园精神文明建设,加大心里健康教育并正确运用网络。     

石化企业员工心理健康状况调查分析

目的了解石化企业员工的心理健康状况,采取相应的心理健康干预措施,提高企业员工的心理健康水平。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）,抽取1472名石化企业员工进行测试。人机对话,电脑评定。对结果进行了统计分析并与国内群体常模进行了比较。结果石化企业员工症状自评量袁评定心理健康状况好1048人,占71．20％;心理健康状况良好334人,占22．69％;心理健康状况一般90人,占6．11％。症状自评量表的各项因子均分与全国常模比较：阳性项目、躯体化和恐怖因子均分高于全国常模;强迫症状、人际关系和忧郁因子均分低于全国常模;焦虑、敌对、偏执和精神病性因子均分与全国常模无差异。     

河流锶元素及其同位素地球化学研究现状与问题

文章系统阐述了近30年来河流锶元素及其同位素地球化学研究方面取得的进展、现状及目前存在的问题,这些问题主要包括:河流锶同位素比值对于源岩的解释问题、河流锶元素含量及其同位素组成的全球参比值问题、不同的端元输入对河流锶元素及其同位素组成的影响以及不同制约因素及研究方法对河流锶元素及其同位素组成的影响等问题。根据目前的研究资料,笔者指出在进行河流锶元素及其同位素地球化学研究过程中应当:(1)考虑矿物岩石在风化过程中锶元素的释放特征及其同位素演化规律;(2)结合同位素地球化学及雨水化学方法对大气及人类活动输入对河流锶元素及其同位素组成的贡献进行校正;(3)开展主要流域的研究工作,尤其是不同构造、地质及气候背景条件不同流域间的对比研究,建立河流锶元素及其同位素组成区域参比值;(4)在研究方法上,应该对区域内降雨、岩石、土壤、沉积物及地下水中的锶元素及其同位素地球化学特征进行系统分析,包括不同形态的锶元素及其同位素地球化学特征的研究。     

稀土掺杂钨钼酸盐类荧光粉水热法合成及结构与性能的研究

利用水热法制备了A0.925（MoO4）0.5（WO4）0.5∶Dy03.＋05（A=Ca、Sr、Ba）固溶体微晶。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、荧光分析（FA）等测试手段对微晶结构、形貌和发光性能进行了表征。结果表明A0.925（MoO4）0.5（WO4）0.5∶Dy03＋.05（A=Ca、Sr、Ba）复合钨钼酸盐微晶均呈现典型的四方晶相白钨矿结构。荧光光谱中的480nm处的偶合双峰和575nm处的锐而强的黄发射峰,分别对应于稀土离子Dy3＋的4F9/2→6 H15/2和4F9/2→6 H13/2跃迁。其中具有球状颗粒（尺寸为0.7μm）形貌的Ca0.925（MoO4）0.5（WO4）0.5∶Dy03.＋05微晶的发射峰强度最强,在光学材料中具有潜在应用。     

泉州市大气降尘中金属元素污染特征及来源解析

测定了泉州市不同功能区大气降尘中23种金属元素的含量,采用多种方法对其富集程度、污染水平及生态风险进行评价,并用多元统计分析法结合Pb、Sr同位素示踪对污染来源进行解析.结果表明:泉州市大气降尘中不同金属含量空间分布差异较大;富集因子和地累积指数表明,Cd、Hg、Zn、Ca、Pb、Cu、Ni、Sr的富集程度及污染水平相对较高;生态风险指数显示,所有功能区的多元素综合潜在生态风险程度极高,由高到低顺序为工业区交通繁忙区商业区居住区风景区农业区;Cd和Hg的潜在生态危害程度极高,二者对综合潜在生态风险指数的贡献达95.56%.多元统计分析结果表明,V、Fe、Ba、Bi、Ni、Sr、Pb、Cs、Sc、Zn、Cd主要来源于工业污染和交通排放,Th、U、Rb、Y、Ti主要来源于土壤尘,Li、Mn、Cu、Hg、Cr、Co、Ca主要来源于燃煤.铅同位素三元混合模型计算得到降尘中铅来源主要为土壤母质(29.41%~64.00%)、燃煤尘(22.53%~60.48%)和汽车尾气(3.13%~13.47%);87Sr/86Sr和1/Sr分布图显示降尘中锶来源主要为燃煤尘和汽车尾气.     

中国煤矿工人心理健康状况的元分析

为研究我国煤矿工人心理健康状况年代变化趋势,结合传统元分析与横断历史研究方法,选取2007-2014年基于症状自评量表（SCL-90）所得36组数据,分析25 546名煤矿工人在该量表9个因子得分均值的变化规律。结果表明:除“精神病性”外,煤矿工人SCL-90各因子得分均值与年代均呈负相关（-0.85~-0.02）,其中“焦虑”、“敌对”与年代呈高度负相关,“躯体化”、“人际关系敏感”、“抑郁”与年代显著负相关;2007-2014年期间,煤矿工人的心理问题逐渐减少,心理健康水平稳步上升;与成人男性常模相比,煤矿工人在“躯体化”、“恐怖”方面的心理问题较突出;比较井下矿工与地面矿工在SCL-90得分均值发现井下矿工的心理健康水平明显低于地面矿工;分析2007-2014年间历年煤矿事故发生次数与煤矿工人SCL-90各因子得分发现,煤矿事故数越大,煤矿工人的总体心理健康水平越低。研究结果为煤矿工人安全管理措施及心理健康提升方案的制定提供量化依据。     

Cheap talk efficacy under potential and actual Hypothetical Bias: A meta-analysis

Cheap Talk (CT) is a common technique employed in stated preference methods of nonmarket valuation to reduce Hypothetical Bias (HB). However, multiple studies have documented its mixed usefulness. Using meta-analysis of 67 studies identified after reviewing over 400 articles, we first show the efficacy of CT while controlling for publication bias. We then investigate when CT is likely to be effective. Our results indicate that on average CT is significant in reducing estimated economic values by about 20% compared to the baseline treatment without implementing CT. Further analysis demonstrates that using CT in the context of public goods, using a budget/substitute reminder, and using CT in conjunction with other HB mitigation strategies improves its efficacy. In addition, we show that CT works better when the actual HB is larger thus one potential reason for previous studies failing to identify positive reduction in potential HB through CT may be because actual HB is small instead of CT being ineffective.