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71.
72.
Liming of lakes is considered one possible remedial action to reduce the accumulation of radionuclides into fish in the case of a radiological accident. These responses were tested in field conditions in a small acidified lake that was divided into two parts: one limed with CaCO3 and the other half left as an unlimed control. The transfer of 90Sr from water into fish decreased on average by 50% during the first year after liming. However, at the same time the 90Sr concentration in water increased, reaching a maximum within 6 months after liming. Approximately 50% more 90Sr was detected in water in the limed part of the lake than on control side during the first year. 90Sr was most probably released from the sediment as the Ca concentration and pH of the water increased. As a result of these two processes, which counterbalanced each other (increased release of 90Sr into water from sediment and decreased transfer of 90Sr from water into fish), the 90Sr concentration in fish did not notably differ between the limed and control sides of the lake. Liming may only be suitable as a remedial action if carried out immediately after a radiological accident, before significant amounts of radionuclides have been deposited in lake sediments. In the case of 137Cs, the effect of liming was less pronounced. 137Cs activity concentration in water increased in the first year by 20% and uptake by fish decreased by 20%. 相似文献
73.
Migration of 137Cs and 90Sr in undisturbed soil was studied in large lysimeters three and four years after contamination, as part of a larger European project studying radionuclide soil–plant interactions. The lysimeters were installed in greenhouses with climate control and contaminated with radionuclides in an aerosol mixture, simulating fallout from a nuclear accident. The soil types studied were loam, silt loam, sandy loam and loamy sand. The soils were sampled to 30–40 cm depth in 1997 and 1998. The total deposition of 137Cs ranged from 24 to 45 MBq/m2, and of 90Sr from 23 to 52 MBq/m2. It was shown that migration of 137Cs was fastest in sandy loam, and of 90Sr fastest in sandy loam and loam. The slowest migration of both nuclides was found in loamy sand. Retention within the upper 5 cm was 60% for both 137Cs and 90Sr in sandy loam, while in loamy sand it was 97 and 96%, respectively. In 1998, migration rates, calculated as radionuclide weighted median depth (migration centre) divided by time since deposition were 1.1 cm/year for both 137Cs and 90Sr in sandy loam, 0.8 and 1.0 cm/year, respectively, in loam, 0.6 and 0.8 cm/year in silt loam, and 0.4 and 0.6 cm/year for 137Cs and 90Sr, respectively, in loamy sand. A distinction is made between short-term migration, caused by events soon after deposition and less affected by soil type, and long-term migration, more affected by e.g. soil texture. Three to four years after deposition, effects of short-term migration is still dominant in the studied soils. 相似文献
74.
75.
利用简并引物PCR(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法和cDNA末端快速扩增(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术获得马氏珠母贝Pinctada martensii hsp90基因cDNA序列,全长为2 584 bp。根据所得序列设计定量特异性PCR引物,采用半定量RT-PCR以及实时荧光定量(real-time PCR)PCR检测了马氏珠母贝外套膜、鳃、肝胰腺、闭壳肌、性腺、腹足等组织中hsp90基因的表达水平。同时,利用荧光定量PCR技术检测了芘暴露处理前后马氏珠母贝肝胰腺组织中hsp90基因的表达水平。研究结果表明:马氏珠母贝hsp90基因在不同组织中的表达水平为性腺鳃肝胰腺外套膜腹足闭壳肌,表现出组织差异性。芘胁迫对马氏珠母贝hsp90基因的表达有一定的诱导作用,暴露后第1天和第5天,随染毒浓度的增加,hsp90基因的表达上调,呈现出一定的剂量-效应关系,于染毒后第7天基本恢复。研究结果显示,马氏珠母贝hsp90基因可以作为一种理想的分子生物标记物用于监测海洋环境中芘的污染。 相似文献
76.
The long-term behavior of 90Sr was investigated from 1987 to 1997 in fifteen lakes in southern and central Finland following the 1986 Chernobyl accident. Both water and fish samples (perch, pike, vendace) were analyzed. 90Sr stays long in the freshwater ecosystem; the observed half-lives during the study period were generally around 10 years in water and even longer in fish. One lake exhibited very different behavior for 90Sr, with elevated levels in fish and water and very short observed half-life in fish, less than 2 years. Concentration factors of 90Sr in fish (Bqkg−1 f.w. in fish/Bqkg−1 in water) among the studied lakes significantly correlated with both the Ca concentration and electrical conductivity of the water. More 90Sr was transferred into fish in lakes with a low electrical conductivity and a low Ca concentration. Among other water parameters evaluated were pH, color, total nitrogen, and phosphorus. 相似文献
77.
78.
Sangay Dorji Rajanathan Rajaratnam Lorena Falconi Stephen E. Williams Priyakant Sinha Karl Vernes 《Conservation biology》2018,32(5):1162-1173
To augment mammal conservation in the Eastern Himalayan region, we assessed the resident 255 terrestrial mammal species and identified the 50 most threatened species based on conservation status, endemism, range size, and evolutionary distinctiveness. By using the spatial analysis package letsR and the complementarity core‐area method in the conservation planning software Zonation, we assessed the current efficacy of their protection and identified priority conservation areas by comparing protected areas (PAs), land cover, and global ecoregion 2017 maps at a 100 × 100 m spatial scale. The 50 species that were most threatened, geographically restricted, and evolutionarily distinct faced a greater extinction risk than globally nonthreatened and wide‐ranging species and species with several close relatives. Small, medium‐sized, and data‐deficient species faced extinction from inadequate protection in PAs relative to wide‐ranging charismatic species. There was a mismatch between current PA distribution and priority areas for conservation of the 50 most endangered species. To protect these species, the skewed regional PA distribution would require expansion. Where possible, new PAs and transboundary reserves in the 35 priority areas we identified should be established. There are adequate remaining natural areas in which to expand current Eastern Himalayan PAs. Consolidation and expansion of PAs in the EH requires strengthening national and regional transboundary collaboration, formulating comprehensive regional land‐use plans, diversifying conservation funding, and enhancing information sharing through a consolidated regional database. 相似文献
79.
南极普里兹湾与太平洋、印度洋海水中90Sr和137Cs的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对太平洋、印度洋、南极普里北湾表层海水中^90Sr、^137Cs的分析,可以看出北半球放射必疹高于南半球。南极海域活度最你荒废 域人工放射性核素仍与大气沉降有关。全球人工放性活度吾下降趋势,但各海区下降的程度不同。南极普里兹湾夏季深层水的通升是影响该海区放射性水平的一个重要因素。局部区域的人工放射必不知 度与采样时间和地理位置有关。 相似文献
80.
库车前陆盆地寒武系 -第三系流体分析显示 :寒武系 -奥陶系和侏罗系油田水与白垩系 -第三系有所差异 ,前者总矿化度相对较低 ,为 90g/L~ 1 1 0g/L ;相对富Ca2 + 和HCO-3 ;后者总矿化度介于 73g/L~ 3 1 0g/L,主要为 1 3 0g/L~ 2 90g/L,相对富K+ +Na+ 和Cl-;而大宛齐第三系油田水则相对富Ca。影响水化学演化的因素包括 :膏盐类、沸石类矿物溶解以及白云化作用和富镁绿泥石形成等。白垩系油田水δ18O、δD关系显示为淡水蒸发成因 ,且在轮台断隆带油田水87Sr/86Sr向西降低 ,指示了富87Sr的流体来自东部的碎屑泥岩 ,这与本区煤成油运移方向是一致的。而 2个寒武系 -奥陶系油田水87Sr/86Sr高达0 .71 71 6,并富Li、B、Sr元素和δ18O ,被认为来自结晶基岩 ,与氮气、氦气及部分甲烷的来源一致。 相似文献