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Gavin Hilson 《Natural resources forum》2005,29(2):144-153
Over the past 10–15 years, several governments have implemented an array of technology, support‐related, sustainable livelihoods (SL) and poverty‐reduction projects for artisanal and small‐scale mining (ASM). In the majority of cases, however, these interventions have failed to facilitate improvements in the industry's productivity and raise the living standards of the sector's subsistence operators. This article argues that a poor understanding of the demographics of target populations has precipitated these outcomes. In order to strengthen policy and assistance in the sector, governments must determine, with greater precision, the number of people operating in ASM regions, their origins and ethnic backgrounds, ages, and educational levels. This can be achieved by carrying out basic and localized census work before promoting ambitious sector‐specific projects aimed at improving working conditions in the industry. 相似文献
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IAWQ又于1999年推出ASM3,它不以水解作用为重点,更深入考虑了胞内存贮过程,并考虑环境因素对衰减过程的修正,把溶解性、颗粒性有机氮的降解与微生物的水解、衰减和生长结合在一起。带有EAWAG生物除磷模块的ASM3能预测除磷效果;通过校正的ASM3能预测脱氮除磷、污泥产量。 相似文献
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在用车推行I/M制度的检测方法的成本效益分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
从检测性能和成本效益两方面对几种检测方法进行分析比较,并结合国内外I/M制度的实施情况和上海市的特点,建议上海市实施I/M制度时,初期对轻型汽油车采用VMAS,后期采用IM240进行检测;对轻型柴油车可采用瞬态简易工况法和Lugdown系统。 相似文献
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