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991.
992.
青霉菌GX2对蒽醌染料的吸附作用 总被引:28,自引:1,他引:27
GX2生长菌体对 4种蒽醌染料均表现出优良的吸附性能 ,但由于染料分子的结构不同 ,吸附速率和吸附率也表现出一定的差异 .染料对菌体的生长具有一定的抑制作用 ,但即使在很高的染料浓度下 ,GX2生长菌体仍表现出很强的吸附性能 .对 250mg/L活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附率高达 100% ,对 400mg/LKN R的吸附率也可达91.4% .在 0~2%范围内 ,随着盐度 (NaCl)的增加 ,菌体干重增加 ;颗粒状菌团的直径却随之减小 ,比表面积增大 ,对GX2生长菌体的染料吸附表现出较为明显的促进作用 .碳源浓度通过影响菌体的生长而影响染料吸附 ,当培养基中的葡萄糖浓度大于 2.5g/L时 ,即可使浓度为 120mg/L的活性艳蓝KN R溶液完全脱色 .生长菌体具有比静止活体和死体更好的吸附性能 . 相似文献
993.
北京市机动车污染分担率的研究 总被引:34,自引:3,他引:31
研究建立了以GIS为平台的北京市机动车排放清单,获得了北京市规划市区内分车型以及分区域的机动车排放分担率.在此基础上,采用修正的ISCST3模型模拟了1995年规划市区CO和NOx浓度的时空分布情况,并分析了机动车排放对北京市大气浓度的贡献率.结果表明,1995年北京市规划市区CO和NOx的年排放分担率分别达到了76.8%和40.2%;相应的年浓度分担率则分别为76.5%和68.4%,在城市中心区以及道路边2种污染物的浓度分担率则更高.因此,在北京市对机动车排放污染实施控制是有效削减CO和NOx的主要途径. 相似文献
994.
测定了水溶液和4种土壤中铜、锌、铅、镉单一污染对西红柿种子发芽与根伸长抑制率以及草甸棕壤条件下重金属复合污染的生态效应.结果表明,重金属对西红柿根伸长抑制率均明显大于对种子发芽抑制率.土壤重金属明显低于水体重金属对西红柿根伸长的抑制.抑制率大小排列为红壤>>草甸棕壤>栗钙土>暗棕壤.铜、锌、铅、镉对西红柿根伸长抑制率与土壤有机质、土壤凯氏氮、全钾含量显著线性负相关(P=0.05);与土壤pH值和土壤全磷含量线性不相关(P=0.05).重金属复合污染对西红柿根伸长表现为协同作用和拮抗作用. 相似文献
995.
利用天然蛭石处理造纸黑液 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
实验使用未经膨化处理的天然蛭石,添加微量铁质添加剂处理草浆黑液,然后将其沉渣烧制陶瓷制品。微量铁质添加剂使得天然蛭石对造纸黑液中COD的去除率由原来的30%提高到50%以上;利用沉渣烧制陶瓷制品的烧成温度宽,制品的强度高,孔隙率大。 相似文献
996.
水流条件巨大变化对有机污染物降解速率影响研究 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17
以三峡库区江段主要有机污染水质指标BOD5为例,通过经验分析与计算,深入研究三峡水库建成前后水流条件巨大变化对BOD5生化降解系数K1的影响,并建立了与水流条件相关的经验关系式.研究表明,三峡水库建成以后,随着水位抬高,流速减缓,单位时间内BOD5降解速率K1将明显减小. 相似文献
997.
998.
AnSBR法处理生活污水中典型环境雌激素的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为评价和考察厌氧序批式反应器(AnSBR)对生活污水中9种典型环境雌激素的去除效果和机制,采用固相萃取(SPE)——LC/MS/MS分析方法,分析所选环境雌激素的浓度和污泥吸附量. 结果表明:大豆苷元,4-t-辛基酚(OP),4-n-壬基酚(NP)和染料木素的检出浓度高于其他5种环境雌激素;厌氧污泥对NP,OP,雌酮(E1),17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)和17β-雌二醇(E2)的吸附作用明显;大豆苷元和染料木素的去除率在60%以上;大豆苷元、染料木素和雌三醇(E3)的主要去除机制为生物降解作用,EE2,OP和NP的去除是生物降解、污泥吸附的共同作用. 相似文献
999.
Insect larvae increase in size with several orders of magnitude throughout development making them more conspicuous to visually
hunting predators. This change in predation pressure is likely to impose selection on larval anti-predator behaviour and since
the risk of detection is likely to decrease in darkness, the night may offer safer foraging opportunities to large individuals.
However, forsaking day foraging reduces development rate and could be extra costly if prey are subjected to seasonal time
stress. Here we test if size-dependent risk and time constraints on feeding affect the foraging–predation risk trade-off expressed
by the use of the diurnal–nocturnal period. We exposed larvae of one seasonal and one non-seasonal butterfly to different
levels of seasonal time stress and time for diurnal–nocturnal feeding by rearing them in two photoperiods. In both species,
diurnal foraging ceased at large sizes while nocturnal foraging remained constant or increased, thus larvae showed ontogenetic
shifts in behaviour. Short night lengths forced small individuals to take higher risks and forage more during daytime, postponing
the shift to strict night foraging to later on in development. In the non-seasonal species, seasonal time stress had a small
effect on development and the diurnal–nocturnal foraging mode. In contrast, in the seasonal species, time for pupation and
the timing of the foraging shift were strongly affected. We argue that a large part of the observed variation in larval diurnal–nocturnal
activity and resulting growth rates is explained by changes in the cost/benefit ratio of foraging mediated by size-dependent
predation and time stress. 相似文献
1000.
Rates of Movement of Threatened Bird Species between IUCN Red List Categories and toward Extinction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. de L. BROOKE‡‡ S.H.M. BUTCHART† S.T. GARNETT‡ G.M. CROWLEY‡§ N.B. MANTILLA-BENIERS†† A.J. STATTERSFIELD† 《Conservation biology》2008,22(2):417-427
Abstract: In recent centuries bird species have been deteriorating in status and becoming extinct at a rate that may be 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than in prehuman times. We examined extinction rates of bird species designated critically endangered in 1994 and the rate at which species have moved through the IUCN (World Conservation Union) Red List categories of extinction risk globally for the period 1988–2004 and regionally in Australia from 1750 to 2000. For Australia we drew on historical accounts of the extent and condition of species habitats, spread of invasive species, and changes in sighting frequencies. These data sets permitted comparison of observed rates of movement through the IUCN Red List categories with novel predictions based on the IUCN Red List criterion E, which relates to explicit extinction probabilities determined, for example, by population viability analysis. The comparison also tested whether species listed on the basis of other criteria face a similar probability of moving to a higher threat category as those listed under criterion E. For the rate at which species moved from vulnerable to endangered, there was a good match between observations and predictions, both worldwide and in Australia. Nevertheless, species have become extinct at a rate that, although historically high, is 2 (Australia) to 10 (globally) times lower than predicted. Although the extinction probability associated with the critically endangered category may be too high, the shortfall in realized extinctions can also be attributed to the beneficial impact of conservation intervention. These efforts may have reduced the number of global extinctions from 19 to 3 and substantially slowed the extinction trajectory of 33 additional critically endangered species. Our results suggest that current conservation action benefits species on the brink of extinction, but is less targeted at or has less effect on moderately threatened species. 相似文献