丙酮－H_2O_2－ClO~－化学发光新体系的研究及应用

本文针对碘量法测定痕量次氯酸根（ＣｌＯ－）时，滴定中存在费时费试剂、痕量测定准确度欠佳的问题，研究并建立了流动注射化学发光法测定痕量ＣｌＯ－的新方法，具有较高的灵敏度、较好的准确度、重现性，为ＣｌＯ－的测定提供了一条新途径．该法在水质检验和环境监测中有一定的适用性．     

中国酸雨的生态影响和防治对策

我国是继欧洲、北美之后 ,在世界上出现的第三大酸雨区。长江以南各省是我国酸雨的主要分布区。酸雨对生态系统的危害日益严重。本文阐述了酸雨对农作物、森林和人体健康的影响。并根据可持续发展的战略思想 ,提出防治对策。     

磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液调控下白菜对钼矿区重金属污染土壤的修复

采用ICP-AES分析土壤及植物体中各种重金属元素的含量,研究了在磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液在其不同浓度梯度下投加,白菜地上部分对钼矿区重金属污染土壤的修复潜力。结果表明:投加磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液的条件下均能显著提高白菜的地上部分富集土壤中重金属元素的能力(Cd除外),但缓冲溶液对白菜积累重金属能力的促进作用也存在重金属元素种类及浓度梯度之间的差异;投加磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液可以提高白菜对土壤中重金属的富集系数(Hg、Mo、Zn最为显著)。     

Estimating source strengths of HCl and SO2 emissions in the flue gas from waste incineration

HCl and SO_2 emission is one of the major concerns related to municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI). In this study, a material flow analysis model was developed to estimate the HCl and SO_2 concentrations in the MSWI flue gases(FGs), and their concentrations in the full-scale MSWI were monitored. The calculated concentrations of HCl and SO_2 in the FG were 770–1300 mg/Nm~3 and 150–640 mg/Nm~3, respectively, in close agreement with the monitored values. More than 99% of Cl and 92% of S from the FG were captured into solid residues by the air pollution control(APC) systems. Moreover, since only 48.4%–67.5% of Cl and 21.3%–53.4% of S were transferred to the FG from the municipal solid waste(MSW), it was more reliable to estimate the source strengths and release amounts of HCl and SO_2 in the FG based on the amounts of Cl and S in the APC residues(AR) and exhaust gas rather than in the MSW. This simple method is easily applicable and the estimated results could provide scientific basis for the appropriate design and operation of the APC systems as well as corrosion control of heat recovery systems.     

土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯类检测空白研究

通过气质联机法检测六种主要的邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs),对土壤中PAEs检测过程中各个环节进行了空白影响的测定.实验表明,邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)三种物质对空白造成的影响较大.试剂污染是土壤中PAEs检测空白偏高的主要原因.而在不同的前处理方法中,水浴浓缩对空白的污染最小.     

南充市酸雨的时空分布及其形成机制的初步探讨

以四川南充市为研究对象,笔者于2003-2004年连续两年对降水进行采样分析,共获取降雨数据520个,对该市酸雨的变化趋势进行了分析和讨论,并采用统计学上的主成分分析法确定该市近几年来降水化学成分中主要污染物.通过对降水中化学离子物的分析,阐明了该市酸雨的主要成因;从大气相对湿度及其颗粒物与降水pH值、[SO42-]等的对照关系对该区域的酸雨形成机制问题进行了初步探讨.