阜新煤矿生态环境三维定量评价规范化方法研究

基于环境学、生态学及矿区修复基础理论,从煤矿生态环境定量评价方法、环境评价因子指标体系以及评价等级标准三大模块出发,建立矿山生态环境定量评价规范化方法。根据煤矿生态环境的特点,结合RMMER(Regulation of Multitudinous Mine Ecological Rehabilitation)模式,建立自然禀赋维、生态环境维及人文指数维煤矿生态环境三维定量评价指标体系。通过筛选确定煤矿生态环境两个层次三维体系下的16个指标因子;利用"多手段结合"的原则,确定煤矿生态环境质量等级标准及相应等级阈值。分析辽西阜新矿区煤矿开采状况和生态环境现状,采用信息提取技术定量指标因子;提出利用多次迭代法建立指标因子判断矩阵的方法;建立基于改进式层次分析法(AHP)法确定煤矿生态环境指标权重的阜新煤矿生态环境可拓综合评价模型;通过应用评价,最后对评价结果的客观性与准确性进行分析,给出评价模型的适用性。     

Experimental Investigation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of Various Agricultural Products Under Open Sun Drying

Abstract

In this article, the convective heat transfer coefficients of various agricultural products were investigated under open sun drying conditions. Data obtained from open sun drying experiments for eight agricultural products, namely, mulberry, strawberry, apple, garlic, potato, pumpkin, eggplant, and onion were used to determine values of convective heat transfer coefficient. The value of convective heat transfer coefficient was determined as 1.861 W/m²°C for mulberry, 6.691 W/m²°C for strawberry, 11.323 W/m²°C for apple, 1.136 W/m²°C for garlic, 8.224 W/m²°C for potato, 8.613 W/m²°C for pumpkin, 6.981 W/m²°C for eggplant, and 6.767 W/m²°C for onion. The experimental error in terms of percent uncertainty was also calculated.     

Analysis of livelihood security: a case study in the Kali-Khola watershed of Nepal

This paper examines household livelihoods in highland and lowland communities of the Kali-Khola agricultural watershed in western Nepal on the basis of economic, ecological and social security indicators. Significant differences were found in soil fertility status, pests and diseases management, risk and uncertainties, use of agrochemicals and access to social services. No remarkable variations were found in crop diversification, annual agricultural income and food sufficiency. However, uncertainty and risk in agricultural production is relatively low in highland communities. The findings reveal that agriculture production alone is not a viable livelihood option for agricultural watershed communities in Nepal. The households growing crops with hired labour have relatively sustainable livelihoods in Nepal's agricultural watersheds. Insufficient agricultural land, insufficient working manpower within a family, and lack of access to ecological agricultural services are prime factors in being livelihood insecure in agricultural watershed communities. Therefore, long-term policies and plans need to be developed for the empowerment of local farmers and to support rural livelihoods with adaptable and flexible income-generating strategies, resilient resource management institutions and enhancement of knowledge, skills and social capital.     

On the choice of farm management practices after the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy in 2003

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was fundamentally reformed in 2003. From 2005, farmers will receive decoupled income support payments instead of production premiums if basic standards for environment, food safety, animal health and welfare are met. Farmers are likely to adjust production and management practices to the new policy framework. We describe how this reform fits into the EU strategy of making agricultural production more environmentally friendly by concentrating on the financial aspects of the reforms. Using an agricultural sector model for Austria, we show that the reform will further decrease agricultural outputs, reduce farm inputs, lessen nitrogen surpluses and make environmentally friendly management practices more attractive for farmers.     

舵面结构热模态试验方法研究

目的 探究高温对舵面结构模态试验结果的影响.方法 以导弹舵面为研究对象,开展高温环境下结构模态试验方法研究.基于石英灯热辐射高温加热系统和模态测试系统搭建热模态试验测试平台,采用带水冷装置的耐高温加长激振杆实现激励的施加,设计耐高温陶瓷引伸杆进行振动信号的测试,通过有限元仿真分析与试验数据对比,验证所提热模态试验方案的可行性.结果 当激振杆的正弦扫频试验在20～1000 Hz范围内,其传递函数值接近于1,说明激振杆传递性能良好.陶瓷引伸杆对试验件前四阶模态频率及振型影响较小,验证了陶瓷引伸杆设计的有效性.试验数据表明,试验件材料的刚度随着环境温度的升高逐渐降低,导致各阶模态的频率呈逐渐降低的趋势.结论 高温会使舵面结构的模态参数降低,该研究为后续型号产品的热模态试验提供了的试验手段和技术支持.     

A dual-interval fixed-mix stochastic programming method for water resources management under uncertainty

In this study, a dual-interval fixed-mix stochastic programming (DFSP) method is developed for planning water resources management systems under uncertainty. DFSP incorporates interval-parameter programming (IPP) and fuzzy vertex analysis (FVA) within a fixed-mix stochastic programming (FSP) framework to address uncertain parameters described as probability distributions and dual intervals. It can also be used for analyzing various policy scenarios that are associated with different levels of economic consequences since penalties are exercised with recourse actions against any infeasibility. A real case for water resources management planning of Zhangweinan River Basin in China is then conducted for demonstrating the applicability of the developed DFSP method. Solutions in association with α-cut levels are generated by solving a set of deterministic submodels, which are useful for generating a range of decision alternatives under compound uncertainties. The results can help to identify desired water-allocation schemes for local sustainable development that the prerequisite water demand can be guaranteed when the available water resource is scarce.