再生水灌溉土壤人工合成麝香累积模型模拟

人工合成麝香(HHCB/AHTN)是近几年来受关注较多的药品与个人护理品(PPCPs)类新型污染物之一,再生水灌溉是HHCB/AHTN输入土壤的主要途径.本研究结合再生水灌溉土壤的实地检测结果,采用HYDRUS-1D模型,模拟了长期灌溉再生水条件下土壤中HHCB和AHTN的迁移转化和累积趋势.结果表明,尽管土壤中这两种麝香的含量极低,但是再生水灌溉土壤中的含量是自来水灌溉土壤的5倍;再生水灌溉下HHCB/AHTN累积趋势从lgKoc较低为3.44时的指数型增加,到lgKoc较高为4.12和4.86时的线性增加;半衰期的变化对再生水灌溉途径输入土壤的HHCB/AHTN的表层累积影响并不明显;再生水灌溉下土壤中HHCB/AHTN的垂直迁移能力较小,灌溉40 a以后最大迁移距离只有53 cm,且受Koc变化的影响较大;通过灌溉水途径进入土壤的HHCB和AHTN通过生物降解与植物吸收途径消解的比例较低,最高只占输入总量的7.69%,但是随着lgKoc的减小和灌溉时间增加,通过生物降解和根系吸收的消解率增加.本研究结果能够为准确评估再生水灌溉途径引起的土壤中人工合成麝香HHCB/AHTN的生态风险提供依据.     

日本交通部门碳排放与低碳交通相关因素研究

本文就日本向低碳社会体系转型的过程中,交通部门碳排放现状、都市交通体系构成、实施对策等方面进行了分析,探讨其交通运输领域低碳交通的相关因素及发展模式,为中国低碳交通体系的构建提供参考。     

平板显示器回收的新挑战

显示屏（监视器和电视机）经历了从阴极射线管到平板显示器技术的快速变化。截至目前为止,只有少量的平板显示器已记录在废物收集点。平板显示器的数量越来越多,在未来需要足够的用于回收的基础设施。本文旨在通过液晶显示屏幕的回收对经济影响的案例研究来提供数量、成分、回收利用技术和经验的基本数据。对于组件和材料也适用于其他类型的电子产品,如黑色金属和有色金属,印刷电路板或电缆,回收途径和技术是众所周知的和可用的。目前,液晶显示器（LCD）在欧洲不回收。处置时,例如,通过焚烧,有价值的材料,其成分是不再可用。例如：铟具有重要战略意义的应用,如,太阳能光伏作为一种稀缺资源。液晶显示器在欧洲具有回收基础设施,因此是有用的。     

废弃产品回收处理企业环境绩效评价初探

近年来,废弃产品回收处理行业日益受到政府和社会各界的关注,而回收处理企业是实施回收处理活动的主体,相关法律、法规的出台对回收处理企业提出了更高的要求。本文在概括梳理相关法律、法规的基础上,初步建立了废弃产品回收处理企业环境绩效评价指标体系,为回收处理企业采用先进的技术工艺、降低环境负荷、加强职业健康监护和企业环境管理提供参考,以适应国家政策要求和行业发展的需要。     

水溶性有机物电子转移能力与荧光峰强度的关系研究

以不同来源的水溶性有机物（DOM）为供试材料,采用电化学方法和荧光光谱法研究了DOM电子转移能力及其与荧光峰强度的关系.采用库仑安培法测定DOM电子转移能力,其中测得的电子接受能力为635.6～1 049.3μmol.（g.C）-1,电子供给能力为27.3～42.3μmol.（g.C）-1.利用循环伏安法研究DOM电化学活性,发现其氧化还原电位在-731～-996 mV（vs.Ag/AgCl）之间.经过电位跃阶法三次氧化还原循环后电子转移能力仍可维持在232.1～897.2μmol.（g.C）-1之间,电子循环率为36.7%～78.2%,说明DOM具有重复利用、反复转移电子的特性.采用荧光激发发射光谱法（EEMS）测定DOM的类富里酸荧光峰强度并比较其与DOM电子转移能力的关系,发现DOM的类富里酸荧光峰强度与DOM的电子循环率具有显著相关（r2=0.92）.实验结果为理解DOM在元素循环、污染物降解以及生物地球化学循环中的作用提供科学依据.     

Reducing sulfates concentration in the tannery effluent by applying pollution prevention techniques and nanofiltration

The use of large quantities of sulfuric acid and other sulfur-containing chemicals causes high sulfate concentrations in the wastewater of a tannery. The aim of this work was reducing the sulfate concentration in the final wastewater from a tannery. For that, firstly a study about the main sulfate sources in a tannery was carried out and the total sulfates load in the tannery wastewater was evaluated. Two measures for sulfates reduction were studied: the recycling of unhairing wastewater to the soaking drums and the reuse of the chromium sulfate from the tanning washing wastewater after its separation by nanofiltration (NF). The first measure proposed was studied experimentally in laboratory drums of 5 L of volume. Two series of experiments with different volumes of unhairing wastewater in the soaking bath were carried out. The quality of the final leather was evaluated by means of mechanical tests. NF experiments were carried out in a laboratory pilot plant with a spiral wounded membrane element. Concerning the results, the combination of 50% unhairing wastewater and 50% of fresh water was appropriate in order to obtain leather with an acceptable quality. Besides, it drove to a diminution of approximately 10% in the addition of sulfide in the unhairing. Related to the NF experiments, 97% of the sulfates were rejected by the membrane. The separated ions could be recycled to the tanning drums. The application of the two measures (firstly the recycling of the unhairing wastewater and secondly the NF of the tanning washing wastewater) drove to a reduction of 14.82 kg SO₄⁻² t⁻¹ of raw hide.     

Preparation and coagulation efficiency of polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride composite coagulant from wastewater of high-purity graphite production

The aim of the present work was to produce a polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride (PAFSiC) coagulant from acidic and alkaline wastewater of purifying graphite by roasting, and subsequently to evaluate coagulation efficiency of the reagent by treating surface water from the Yellow River as well as municipal wastewater in comparison with the conventional coagulant polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The PAFSiC coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization. The effects of (Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio, OH/(Al+Fe) molar ratio (i.e., value), coagulant dosage and pH value of test suspension on the coagulation behavior of FAFSiC and the stability of the PAFSiC were also examined. Results showed that PAFSiC performed more efficiently than PAC in removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphate (TP). The PAFSiC with a value of 2.0 and (Al+Fe)/Si ratio of 5 (PAFSiC 2.0/5) showed excellent coagulation effect for both turbidity and COD, while PAFSiC 1.0/5 was the best for TP. The optimum coagulation pH range of PAFSiC 2.0/5 was 5.0–9.0, slightly wider than that of PAC (6.0–8.0). The process can be easily incorporated into high-purity graphite production plants, thereby reducing wastewater pollution and producing a valuable coagulant.     

废旧线路板回收的污染防治技术综述

废旧线路板回收不仅能够解决电子废弃物迅速增长带来的环境污染问题,而且可以实现资源再生利用,是中国当前鼓励发展的行业。线路板回收过程也将不可避免的带来一定环境污染问题。中国企业现阶段常用的线路板回收工艺主要包括机械物理法、湿法冶金、火法冶金、热解法等。废旧线路板的回收工艺不同,污染物产生特点也不同,企业应根据线路板回收工艺有针对性的选择污染防治措施。线路板回收过程中产生的废渣再利用应成为今后研究的重点。     

北京市污水资源化利用现状及其对策分析研究

北京是水资源严重匮乏的城市,水资源短缺已经成为制约北京经济社会可持续发展进程的重要因素.污水资源化将城市污水进行加工处理,转化为达标的、可供人们二次利用的合格水资源,既能增加水源,又能减少水环境污染,是解决北京目前水资源紧缺问题的最为有效的途径.文章梳理了近年来北京市污水资源化利用的发展现状,指出了北京市污水资源化利用所面临的困境,并提出了加快北京市污水资源化利用的对策.     

浅析小城镇建筑项目中水回用系统设置的必要性和制约因素

通过例证分析了小城镇建筑项目中水回用系统设置的必要性和现存的制约因素,提出了解决矛盾的建议。