乌鲁木齐市大气污染限期治理对策探讨

以乌鲁木齐市大气污染问题日益严重的现状为主题,针对大气污染产生的原因,阐述做好大气污染综合治理工作的对策和环保部门如何在大气污染治理工作中发挥职能作用,以期使大气环境质量得到根本的改善。     

济南市机动车排气污染现状与控制对策研究

机动车排气污染已经成为济南市空气污染的重要来源,NOx,CO,THC等污染物排放量分别占机动车与固定源排放总量的22%,96%和92%,机动车排气污染使得道路空气环境质量明显恶化。出租车、轿车、摩托车是机动车污染的3种主要车型。文中在阐明造成机动车污染较重的原因基础上,提出了控制机动车污染的管理、技术以及辅助对策。      

重庆几种地表类型土/气界面汞交换通量

应用RA915+汞分析仪与动力通量箱(DFC)联用技术,在重庆市不同区域选取几种地表类型(3个林地、2个草地和1个耕地)进行了土气界面间汞交换通量的研究.结果表明,汞交换通量范围为-59～733.8ng·m-2·h-1,平均值为115.8ng·m-2·h-1,汞交换通量大小顺序为污染区(气象站)>裸地(耕地)>大学园区(草地)>清洁区(林地).土壤汞含量、光照强度、相对湿度、土壤温度等环境因素对汞交换通量有较大影响.同时对区域汞释放进行了初步的估算,2003年重庆市从林地、耕地(旱地)和草地释放到大气中的总汞量约为791kg,释放强度为17.1g·km-2·a-1.     

试论空分装置的防爆技术

空分装置的安全运行是工业制氧安全生产的关键环节 ,也是最难控制的危险源。本文从空分爆炸原理入手 ,系统阐述了碳氢化合物在液氧中的积聚机理 ,激发能源的种类与形成 ,并提出了综合控制空分爆炸的若干措施     

基于MapInfo的大气污染物复合多源模式研究及应用

研究了在MapInfp环境下的大气污染物复合多源模式,利用MapBasic编制了不同风向条件下的污染源坐标转换程序,同时利用Surfer软件绘制了污染物浓度等值线,并在MapInfo中与基础底图叠加。通过对某工业区SO2长期平均浓度的预测,证明复合多源模式在环境影响评价中具有很好的应用价值。     

The evaluation of the air quality impact of an incinerator by using MM5-CMAQ-EMIMO modeling system: North of Spain case study

The use of sophisticated air pollution modeling systems to evaluate the impact of different industrial plant emissions is currently done in an extensive way. MM5-CMAQ (PSU/NCAR and EPA, USA) is one of the most applicable air quality modeling systems to evaluate those impacts. In this contribution we present the methodology and results obtained when applying the MM5-CMAQ air quality modeling system for evaluating the potential impact of an incinerator in San Sebastián (Basque Country, Spain). We have used the EMIMO (UPM, Spain) emission model to simulate the emissions from biogenic and anthropogenic sources including traffic and tertiary sector sources. The study includes the air quality impact of a highway located near the incinerator named A8 and 6 industrial plants which already exist. The impact study has been compared with the results obtained from this highway impact and the 6 industrial plants which are normally operating during the last 30 years. The system has been prepared to simulate also Cadmium, Arsenic, Nickel, Lead and Benzo(a)pyrene air quality impacts. The PCDD/F air concentrations have been determined for the 16 toxic dioxins and furans as determined in the bibliography. The criteria pollutants such as CO, NOx, SO(2), PM(10) and O(3) have also been determined according to the different EU Directives which limit the values of such a pollutants for different periods of time.     

稳定塘中氧传递规律研究

在稳定塘污水处理过程中,氧是有机物好氧分解的重要组成部分,稳定塘中氧的来源有藻类光合放氧和大气复氧。本研究通过有光无光对比试验、大气复氧试验及对实际稳定塘中运行数据进行总结研究,定量分析藻类光合产氧和大气复氧量,计算在稳定塘中有机物的总去除量中各部分所占的比例,确定出大气复氧是稳定塘中氧传递的主要方式。      

江苏省春季臭氧污染特征分析

对2018—2020年春季江苏省臭氧(O3)污染特征进行了分析.结果表明,江苏省ρ(O3)均超过二级标准限值,分别超出5.6％,11.3％和8.8％,沿江区域ρ(O3)略高于苏北区域;ρ(O3-1 h)日变化呈"单峰型",峰值呈逐年上升趋势,非污染日苏北区域ρ(O3-1 h)均高于沿江区域,主要时间段体现在夜间至次日早...     

Does subway expansion improve air quality?

Major cities in China and many other fast-growing economies are expanding their subway systems in order to address worsening air pollution and traffic congestion. This paper quantifies the impact of subway expansion on air quality by leveraging fine-scale air quality data and the rapid build-out of 14 new subway lines and 252 stations in Beijing from 2008 to 2016. Our main empirical framework examines how the density of the subway network affects air quality across different locations in the city during this period. To address the potential endogenous location of subway stations, we construct an instrument based on historical subway planning, long before air pollution and traffic congestion were of concern. Our analysis shows that an increase in subway density by one standard deviation improves air quality by two percent and the result is robust to a variety of alternative specifications including the distance-based difference-in-differences method. The total discounted health benefit during a 20-year period from reduced mortality and morbidity as a result of 14 new subway lines amounts to $1.0–3.1 billion, or only 1.4–4.4 percent of the total construction and operating cost.     

Advanced techniques in air pollution†

Specific usage of neutron activation analysis, charged particle analysis, y photons analysis, G.C.M.S. coupling, stable isotope dilution techniques, are discussed.

Dust collected on filters, oxygenated compounds in exhaust gases from car engines, nitrogen oxides, have thus been determined.

Special calibration methods for ozone, and remote detection by Lidar Raman are also described.