Investigating the impact of air pollution on AMI and COPD hospital admissions in the coastal city of Qingdao,China

• The impact of air pollution on AMI/COPD hospital admissions were examined. • Significant connection was found between air pollutants and AMI/COPD in Qingdao. • Nonlinearity exists between air pollution and AMI/COPD hospital admissions. Air pollution has been widely associated with adverse effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. We investigated the relationship between acute myocardial infarction (AMI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and air pollution exposure in the coastal city of Qingdao, China. Air pollution in this region is characterized by inland and oceanic transportation sources in addition to local emission. We examined the influence of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂, CO and O₃ concentrations on hospital admissions for AMI and COPD from October 1, 2014, to September 30, 2018, in Qingdao using a Poisson generalized additive model (GAM). We found that PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂ and CO exhibited a significant short-term (lag 1 day) association with AMI in the single-pollutant model among older adults (>65 years old) and females, especially during the cold season (October to March). In contrast, only NO₂ and SO₂ had clear cumulative lag associations with COPD admission for females and those over 65 years old at lag 01 and lag 03, respectively. In the two-pollutant model, the exposure-response relationship fitted by the two-pollutant model did not change significantly. Our findings indicated that there is an inflection point between the concentration of certain air pollutants and the hospital admissions of AMI and COPD even under the linear assumption, indicative of the benefits of reducing air pollution vary with pollution levels. This study has important implications for the development of policy for air pollution control in Qingdao and the public health benefits of reducing air pollution levels.     

武汉城区NOx污染特征及其变化趋势

武汉城区大气中NOx的污染,一日中以早晨最重,下午最轻;一年中,冬季的浓度比夏季高出37.7%.交通稠密区和商业集中区大气中的NOx年日均浓度分别比郊区高5倍和4.3倍.统计研究的结果表明,九年间特别是近六年来,武汉城区大气中NOx年日均值呈上升趋势.从1984年～1989年,大气中的NOx日均浓度平均每年以7%的速度递增,其超标率平均每年以0.8%的速度递增.     

基于PM2.5与PM10比值的吉林省空气污染分析

对吉林省重点城市2015年~2018年大气日均值PM2.5/PM10数据进行处理,从空气中细颗粒物的比例角度评价吉林省的空气污染情况。经过分析得出结论即吉林省2015年~2018年空气质量明显好转,特别是2018年。中度及以上污染天气污染程度下降显著。月份中10、11、12月份污染下降明显。城市中松原市污染较轻。     

Cost-benefit analysis of implementing policy measures for reducing PM and O3 concentrations: the case of Israel

This paper aims to identify the most suitable and economically feasible policy measures to reduce concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O₃) in Israel. It describes a comprehensive methodology that takes into account the effects of PM and O₃ and describes the overall costs and benefits expected from their reduction. Cost-benefit analysis of a series of proposed policy measures allows us to identify and recommend those that are most feasible and effective. These policy measures have a significant impact on reducing air pollution on one hand, while constituting the highest net benefit to the economy on the other.     

探究大气污染防治网格化监测的应用

在对大气污染进行实际防治的过程中,为了提高监测的效果,保障大气环境不受污染,需要重视网格化监测的应用,进而实现精细的管理模式。基于此,本文分析了网格化监测在大气污染防治所发挥的作用,并阐述网格化监测的组成以及技术要求,提出相应的建议。     

露天矿钻机司机室空气质量调控装置研究

研制了一种适用于露天矿山温度高、粉尘大、振动大的司机室空调、通风和除尘的新型装置,研究了换热系统、新风供给器和循环风除尘除毒装置,室内温度、清新度和新鲜度优于规定指标,现场使用效果良好。     

Climatology and forecast modeling of ambient carbon monoxide in Phoenix, Arizona

We perform a climatology of factors influencing ambient carbon monoxide (CO), in which we examine the relationships between meteorology, traffic patterns, and CO at seasonal, weekly, and diurnal time scales in Phoenix, Arizona. From this analysis we identify a range of potentially important variables for statistical CO modeling. Using stepwise multivariate regression, we create a suite of models for hourly and 8-h ambient CO designed for daily operational forecasting purposes. The resulting models include variables and interaction terms related to anticipated nocturnal atmospheric stability as well as antecedent and climatological CO behavior. The models are evaluated using a range of error statistics and skill measures. The most successful approach employs a two-stage modeling strategy in which an initial prediction is made that may, depending on the forecast value, be followed by a second prediction that improves upon the first. The best models provide accurate daily forecasts of CO, with explained variances approaching 0.9 and errors under 1 ppm.     

Modified GDP Through Health Cost Analysis of Air Pollution: The Case of Turkey

10 and SO₂ levels to the WHO guideline would have resulted in a total of 48.309 × 10¹⁰ and 153.38 × 10¹⁰ Turkish lira savings in 1990 and 1993, respectively. These correspond to 0.12% and 0.08% of 1990 and 1993 GDPs, respectively.     

大气污染扩散空间信息系统

将GIS(地理信息系统)引入大气多源扩散研究领域,成功地解决了GIS与大气污染扩散数据的连接问题,实现了大气污染扩散数据的计算机图形可视化与计算机一次成图的功能。在此基础上开发了一套带GIS图形处理和分析功能的大气污染扩散空间信息系统软件包,该软件包对传统的G－H面源模式进行了改进工作,提高了其计算速度及计算精度。对线源模式进行了研究,提高了其计算速度及计算精度,解决了在普通微机上实现线源污染扩散的计算问题。      

盐城市大气污染物致突变性的研究

用蚕豆叶尖细胞、小鼠骨髓细胞及人淋巴细胞微核试验法监测盐城市大气污染物的致突变活性,结果显示,工业区、商业区、生活区大气存在不同程度的污染(大气污染指数或人受累指数均高于1.5),其中工业区污染最严重,最高污染指数为4.48(小鼠微核试验),而教学区无污染(大气污染指数或人受累指数低于1.5)。此外,研究中还发现,大气污染物诱发的人淋巴细胞与蚕豆叶尖细胞及小鼠骨髓细胞的微核效应之间均有良好的正相关性(P<0.005),并且微核试验用于监测大气污染物的致突变活性比化学监测法更灵敏、更加可行。