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141.
Hosny Khordagui 《Environmental management》1991,15(4):455-459
This article describes and assesses the impact of oil spillage and oil well fires on Kuwait and its surroundings. The marine
ecology of the Arabian Gulf is shown to be relatively resistant to damage from oil spillage. The risks of the contamination
of thermal desalination plants by oil and oil products are assessed, and remedies are suggested. Air pollution from burning
oil wells is described and its consequences are predicted.
Editor’s note: Professor Hosny Khordagui worked as a research scientist at the Environmental and Earth Science Department of the Kuwait
Institute for Scientific Research. The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990, led to the permanent loss of most of his
data, research reports, and laboratory equipment, and Prof. Khordagui was constrained to live under the Iraqi occupation for
a few weeks. His article “A Conceptual Approach to the Selection of a Control Measure for Residual Chlorine Discharge in Kuwait
Bay” will appear in a forthcoming issue ofEnvironmental Management. 相似文献
142.
本文对西昌市大气污染现状进行调查分析,揭示了大气环境污染的特征及其变化规律,从宏观上提出了保护大气环境的对策。 相似文献
143.
Model simulations of dissolved oxygen characteristics of Minnesota lakes: Past and future 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A deterministic, one-dimensional, unsteady numerical model has been developed, tested, and applied to simulate mean daily
dissolved oxygen (DO) characteristics in 27 lake classes in the state of Minnesota. Reaeration and photosynthesis are the
oxygen sources, while respiration, sedimentary, and biochemical water column oxygen demand are the sinks of oxygen in the
model. The lake classes are differentiated by surface area (A
s), maximum depth (H
max), and trophic status expressed as Secchi depth (Z
s). Because lake stratification is most important to lake oxygen dynamics, simulated DO characteristics are plotted in terms
of a stratification parameterA
s/H
max
0.25
and Secchi depthZ
s. Simulations provide DO profiles on a daily time scale. Specific DO characteristics of ecological and environmental interest
are epilimnetic DO, hypolimnetic DO, DO gradient from surface to bottom, and DO minima and maxima. Specific results are as
follows: Simulated mean daily and weekly DO values in the epilimnion of all lakes for both past and future climate scenarios
are near saturation over the summer season. Hypolimnetic DO values depend strongly on lake morphometry, trophic status, and
time throughout the summer season. Future climate conditions are specified as the historical records from 1955 to 1979, adjusted
(monthly) by the 2 × CO2 GISS model output to account for doubling of atmospheric CO2. With this climate change, weekly averaged epilimnetic DO is projected to drop by less than 2 mg/liter, and will remain above
7 mg/liter throughout the open water season. The hypolimnetic DO reductions after climate change are on the order of 2–8 mg/liter.
Periods of anoxia are longer by as much as 80 days. Those changes would alter water quality dynamics in lakes and have a profound
effect on lake ecosystems including indigenous fishes. The results presented are useful for evaluating environmental management
options. 相似文献
144.
Methods used to determine adverse impacts of air pollution on four levels of biological organization of terrestrial ecosystems were evaluated for their use in decision making by federal land managers of class I areas and as guidelines for scientists employed to design field studies in these areas. At the level of the individual, visible injury, biomass, and sulfur uptake were the most often used components; at the population level, natality and mortality; at the community level, diversity; and at the ecosystem level, biogeochemical cycling. Most studies focused on structural responses of individual organisms. These components are relatively sensitive and are easy and inexpensive to measure; however, linkages of these parameters to adverse impacts on populations, communities, or ecosystems are lacking. Measurements of effects of air pollution at the higher levels of organization are confounded by natural variability, long response times, climatic variation, pathogens, and other factors. In addition, the lack of replication and of true control areas creates severe problems for design of monitoring programs and testing of hypotheses concerning effects. 相似文献
145.
卢文刚 《中国安全科学学报》1995,5(5):39-41
从人与自然的相互关系,讨论了在发展生产的必须重视保护人类自身和生存环境,就我国建筑安全技术的现状,论述了发展科学技术是改善建筑安全技术最根本的途径,提出了当前普遍存在的安全技术在问题和需要完善的建筑施工安全法规。 相似文献
146.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 designated national parks and wilderness areas larger than 1894 ha to be class I areas
for air quality management, setting more restrictive criteria than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Class I areas
are afforded the greatest degree of air quality protection under the Clear Air Act of 1970. In recent years, several studies
have documented air pollution effects in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), the second-largest class I area
in the eastern United States. Air pollution problems of greatest concern in the GSMNP are effects of acid deposition, visibility
impairment, and tropospheric ozone. Several recent events have increased concerns about air quality management in the class
I area of the GSMNP. A forum, sponsored by the Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere Cooperative (SAMAB), was held in
March 1992, which involved representative. parties-at-interest and began to address strategies for better management of air
resources in the Southern Appalachians. This paper summarizes those discussions and recommendations and reports actions occurring
as a result of the forum. Another objective of this paper is to present a conceptual framework for more effective management
of the class I area of the GSMNP. 相似文献
147.
朱爱虹 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2002,12(2):76-78
以精神文明建设为先导落实育人目标,是贯彻高校教育方针的重要方面。本文从抓好队伍和校园文化建设为切入点,提出了拓宽育人渠道、改进育人方法和强化素质教育的建议。 相似文献
148.
N. K. Woodfield J. W. S. Longhurst C. I. Beattie D. P. H. Laxen 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(5-6):677-688
Across the United Kingdom, the majority of local authoritieshave now completed their first phase of local air qualityreview and assessment work, as required under the AirQuality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and NorthernIreland (DETR, 2000a). Emerging from this first phasework is an anticipated suite of over 110 Air QualityManagement Areas (AQMAs). These areas are identifiedlocations where one or more of the national air qualityobjectives are predicted to exceed by specific target dates,and their spatial extent and shape is emerging as highlyvariable. Local authorities are guided to use a variety ofscientific tools to underpin the scientific assessments, anda consideration of uncertainty in both the tools used andsubsequent delineation of AQMAs is likely to affect theemerging management areas significantly. With subsidiarity underpinning the process of local air qualitymanagement (LAQM), local decision-making is anticipated toinfluence the outcome of the LAQM process in its entirety,with the declaration of AQMAs necessitating the preparationand implementation of air quality action plans. UKexperience of the effective management of local air quality,through the designation of AQMAs, demonstrates a valuableframework for other European countries developing mechanismsto manage air quality locally. 相似文献
149.
150.
Gideon Fishelson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(4):801-815
The study contains the methodology of finding the optimal time to start the operation of a desalting plant or any other non conventional source of water for agricultural use in Israel. The essence of the methodology is the moving equilibrium price and quantity of agricultural products. The market of agricultural products is represented by a single demand curve and a supply curve which is derived from the agricultural sector production function. Both the demand for and the supply of agricultural products functions are shifting over time. The marginal value product of water is the critical value that determines the optimal time of a desalting plant. The study is static in the sense that dynamic aspects per se are not dealt with-e.g. learning by doing of building and operating desalting plants. The empirical results although used for illustrative purposes can be used as reference points for other detailed and more ‘exact’ studies on water desalination. 相似文献