The scope and severity of white-nose syndrome on hibernating bats in North America

Assessing the scope and severity of threats is necessary for evaluating impacts on populations to inform conservation planning. Quantitative threat assessment often requires monitoring programs that provide reliable data over relevant spatial and temporal scales, yet such programs can be difficult to justify until there is an apparent stressor. Leveraging efforts of wildlife management agencies to record winter counts of hibernating bats, we collated data for 5 species from over 200 sites across 27 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces from 1995 to 2018 to determine the impact of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a deadly disease of hibernating bats. We estimated declines of winter counts of bat colonies at sites where the invasive fungus that causes WNS (Pseudogymnoascus destructans) had been detected to assess the threat impact of WNS. Three species undergoing species status assessment by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Myotis septentrionalis, Myotis lucifugus, and Perimyotis subflavus) declined by more than 90%, which warrants classifying the severity of the WNS threat as extreme based on criteria used by NatureServe. The scope of the WNS threat as defined by NatureServe criteria was large (36% of Myotis lucifugus range) to pervasive (79% of Myotis septentrionalis range) for these species. Declines for 2 other species (Myotis sodalis and Eptesicus fuscus) were less severe but still qualified as moderate to serious based on NatureServe criteria. Data-sharing across jurisdictions provided a comprehensive evaluation of scope and severity of the threat of WNS and indicated regional differences that can inform response efforts at international, national, and state or provincial jurisdictions. We assessed the threat impact of an emerging infectious disease by uniting monitoring efforts across jurisdictional boundaries and demonstrated the importance of coordinated monitoring programs, such as the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat), for data-driven conservation assessments and planning.     

美国金融危机的影响与扩大内需

随着全球经济一体化的不断深入,此次美国金融危机给世界各国带来了广泛的影响．对于外贸依存度超过60％的中国经济来说,在微观和宏观上受到了较大的冲击,随着我国融入世界经济的程度不断加深,由投资和出口驱动的经济增长模式,使我国经济运行的风险越来越大．因此,扩大国内消费需求,促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动的转变,将是我国经济增长的努力方向．参5．     

深圳海域养殖牡蛎卫生质量状况(Ⅰ)重金属含量与评价

根据2002年1月～2004年2月深圳海域12个站位养殖的3种牡蛎体内重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr的检测资料,分析了近期深圳海域养殖牡蛎的重金属含量与卫生质量状况。结果表明:牡蛎体内的重金属含量Cu为ND～548,Zn为ND～14496,Pb为ND～2.40,Cd为ND～4.20,Hg为ND～0.16,As为ND～3.20和Cr为(ND～1.79)×10 6湿重,其中珠江口、深圳湾的近江牡蛎重金属含量普遍要高于大亚湾、大鹏湾的长牡蛎和褶牡蛎。参照NY5073 2001《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》对深圳海域养殖牡蛎重金属残留的卫生质量进行评价,结果表明,深圳海域养殖牡蛎体内超标的重金属主要有Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As,养殖牡蛎卫生质量欠佳。     

近江牡蛎等7种养殖鱼虾贝类参照基因b-肌动蛋白cDNA序列的克隆与比较分析

为进一步研究水产养殖动物功能基因的表达调控,采用RT-PCR及RACE法,分离、克隆了近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)肝脏β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA全序列. 结果表明,近江牡蛎β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA全长1343bp,其中5′、3′非翻译区(UTR)分别长68bp、144bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1131bp,编码376个氨基酸. 实验同时成功获得了中华圆田螺(Cipangopaludina cahayensis)、日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)、斑鳢(Channa maculata)、胡子鲶(Clarias fuscus)、鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)、鲮鱼(Cirrhinus molitorella)6种重要淡水养殖动物肝脏β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA的核心序列及氨基酸序列. 所获基因与其它动物类群的b-肌动蛋白基因氨基酸同源性高达96%以上,表明软体类、节肢类、鱼类、两栖类、鸟类和哺乳类等不同类群动物b-肌动蛋白基因在生物进化过程中高度保守. 系统发育分析显示软体类、节肢类、鱼类、两栖类、鸟类和哺乳类脊椎动物β-肌动蛋白分类与传统的分类基本一致.