同时硝化与反硝化研究进展

同时硝化和反硝化工艺同传统的生物脱氮工艺相比，可以节约氧和碳源的耗量，大大降低设备运行费用，具有很大的发展前途。结合国内外研究，主要从生物、生物化学角度和微环境理论方面进行综述。对一些同时硝化反硝化新工艺进行了介绍。     

高含水率有机垃圾资源化处置对策

高含水率有机垃圾主要为城镇菜场垃圾、餐馆饮食业垃圾、家庭厨房垃圾和果品市场的瓜果皮等食物类垃圾，具有含水率高、易腐烂、营养元素丰富、有害物质少等特征，既易于专业收集，又易于厌氧发酵处理，可全部实现无害化和创造经济效果。应重视收集处理和综合利用高含水率有机垃圾的专门技术，减少垃圾填埋的数量、节省占地和保护环境。     

泔脚的厌氧消化处理可行性研究

介绍了作者在泔脚厌氧消化处理方面的研究情况，作者通过新鲜泔脚的特性分析试验、脱水实验、最佳接种率，最佳含水率实验，最大有机负荷实验等一系列系统的实验。完成了工程小试，达到了实验目的，得到了一些对实际工程应用十分有用的数据。认为厌氧消化对泔脚的处理是生态上比较合理，经济上可行的处理方法。     

微量金属元素对牛粪厌氧发酵产气特性的影响

在以牛粪为原料的厌氧发酵过程中,向厌氧生物反应器中分别连续投加Fe,Co,Ni等微量金属元素,研究其对牛粪厌氧发酵产气特性的影响。实验结果表明:添加适量的微量金属元素可以提高COD去除率及产气量,加速反应器的启动,但当加入微量金属元素过多时,将对微生物产生毒害,抑制微生物活性及对基质的代谢,造成产气量降低。     

A—O生物滤池工艺处理城镇污水

A-O生物滤池是一种利用附着在塑料模块填料上的微生物系统对城镇污水中的污染物质进行降解处理。该系统处理城镇污水的CODcr去除率达75%-85%,BOD5去除率达85%-95%，SS去除率达85%-95%，氨氮去除率达20%-40%，处理后出水上述各项指标可满足国家二级生物处理排放标准的要求。同时还具有流程简单、管理方便、耐冲击负荷、剩余污泥水等特点。     

Modelling anaerobic biofilm reactors--a review

Anaerobic treatment has become a technically as well as economically feasible option for treatment of liquid effluents after the development of reactors such as the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, anaerobic biofilter and anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR). Considerable effort has gone into developing mathematical models for these reactors in order to optimize their design, design the process control systems used in their operation and enhance their operational efficiency. This article presents a critical review of the different mathematical models available for these reactors. The unified anaerobic digestion model (ADM1) and its application to anaerobic biofilm reactors are also outlined.     

利用活性污泥制造活性炭的研究

论述了利用在活性污泥法处理废水过程中产生的好氧污泥和厌氧污泥制造活性炭的过程,选择出最佳的制作条件,并进一步测试了产品的性能。实验结果表明,利用剩余活性污泥制造活发现灰这一方法是可行的,并且在最佳条件下制成的活性炭的吸附性能比较令人满意。     

厌氧除磷同步脱氮及影响因素研究

采用鸡粪污泥为种泥,在厌氧混合连续流反应装置内进行厌氧还原磷产生磷化氧功能菌的富集,进行硝酸盐、硫酸盐、不同碳源和氮源条件下厌氧除磷效率的研究,并考察磷化氧的生成与硝酸、总磷、氨氮去除的关系.结果表明,(1)SO_4~(2-)-S适宜的投加量为26 mg·L~(-1),不投加NO_3~--N.水中含有氧化态的无机物在厌氧条件下与磷争夺[H]导致厌氧除磷的效率下降.(2)合适的碳源为葡萄糖1 000 mg·L~(-1),纤维素不适合作为碳源,合适的氮源为蛋白胨500 mg·L~(-1),水中含有的还原糖和有机氮源促进磷化氧的生成.(3)pH值控制在6.5～7.0的范围,最适宜的生长温度在35℃左右.(4)氨氮的去除率随着总磷的去除率而增加,在厌氧条件下可达到同时脱氮除磷的效果.磷的去除由厌氧除磷菌还原磷生成磷化氧完成,氨氮由生成氮气或生成蛋白质来去除.     

Effects of lipid concentration on anaerobic co-digestion of municipal biomass wastes

The influence of the lipid concentration on the anaerobic co-digestion of municipal biomass waste and waste-activated sludge was assessed by biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests and by bench-scale tests in a mesophilic semi-continuous stirred tank reactor. The effect of increasing the volatile solid (VS) concentration of lipid from 0% to 75% was investigated. BMP tests showed that lipids in municipal biomass waste could enhance the methane production. The results of bench-scale tests showed that a lipids concentration of 65% of total VS was the inhibition concentration. Methane yields increased with increasing lipid concentration when lipid concentrations were below 60%, but when lipid concentration was set as 65% or higher, methane yields decreased sharply. When lipid concentrations were below 60%, the pH values were in the optimum range for the growth of methanogenic bacteria and the ratios of volatile fatty acid (VFA)/alkalinity were in the range of 0.2–0.6. When lipid concentrations exceeded 65%, the pH values were below 5.2, the reactor was acidized and the values of VFA/alkalinity rose to 2.0. The amount of Brevibacterium decreased with increasing lipid content. Long chain fatty acids stacked on the methanogenic bacteria and blocked the mass transfer process, thereby inhibiting anaerobic digestion.     

Anaerobic digestion of microalgal biomass after ultrasound pretreatment

High rate algal ponds are an economic and sustainable alternative for wastewater treatment, where microalgae and bacteria grow in symbiosis removing organic matter and nutrients. Microalgal biomass produced in these systems can be valorised through anaerobic digestion. However, microalgae anaerobic biodegradability is limited by the complex cell wall structure and therefore a pretreatment step may be required to improve the methane yield. In this study, ultrasound pretreatment at a range of applied specific energy (16–67 MJ/kg TS) was investigated prior to microalgae anaerobic digestion. Experiments showed how organic matter solubilisation (16–100%), hydrolysis rate (25–56%) and methane yield (6–33%) were improved as the pretreatment intensity increased. Mathematical modelling revealed that ultrasonication had a higher effect on the methane yield than on the hydrolysis rate. A preliminary energy assessment indicated that the methane yield increase was not high enough as to compensate the electricity requirement of ultrasonication without biomass dewatering (8% VS).