Anaerobic degradation of xenobiotic organic contaminants (XOCs): The role of electron flow and potential enhancing strategies

In groundwater, deep soil layer, sediment, the widespread of xenobiotic organic contaminants (XOCs) have been leading to the concern of human health and eco-environment safety, which calls for a better understanding on the fate and remediation of XOCs in anoxic matrices. In the absence of oxygen, bacteria utilize various oxidized substances, e.g. nitrate, sulphate, metallic (hydr)oxides, humic substance, as terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) to fuel anaerobic XOCs degradation. Although there have been increasing anaerobic biodegradation studies focusing on species identification, degrading pathways, community dynamics, systematic reviews on the underlying mechanism of anaerobic contaminants removal from the perspective of electron flow are limited. In this review, we provide the insight on anaerobic biodegradation from electrons aspect — electron production, transport, and consumption. The mechanism of the coupling between TEAs reduction and pollutants degradation is deconstructed in the level of community, pure culture, and cellular biochemistry. Hereby, relevant strategies to promote anaerobic biodegradation are proposed for guiding to an efficient XOCs bioremediation.     

造纸污水处理厌氧系统沼气综合利用

目前厌氧系统已广泛应用于造纸废水处理,厌氧处理系统过程中产生大量的沼气,而沼气的热值很高,很有利用的价值,而本文结合笔者曾编制的某造纸废水处理厌氧技术改造环评探讨造纸污水处理厌氧系统沼气综合利用技术。该项目的实施,既减少了造纸废水的出水浓度,又提高了节能环保效益。     

温度对厌氧降解邻苯二甲酸二酯的影响研究

本试验是针对温度对厌氧降解邻苯二甲酸二酯影响的研究 ,目的是寻找适应这种反应的最佳温度或最佳温度区间。研究表明 ,对于原始污泥来说 ,最佳温度是其所生存的原始温度 ,即消化处理温度 3 7℃ ,对于污泥和填埋场渗出液的富集菌群来说 ,由于人工选择培养的介入 ,最佳温度有向高温偏移的趋势     

城镇污水处理绿色技术及其进展

研究能耗、物耗和二次污染最少化的城镇污水处理绿色工艺已成为我国城镇污水处理技术研究的重要方向。国内新研究开发成功的厌氧水解－高负荷生物滤池和蚯蚓生态滤池就是其中突出的代表。通过处理工艺、环境影响和技术经济指标诸方面的比较,可以看出,厌氧水解－高负荷生物滤池和蚯蚓生态滤池这种绿色技术的污水处理效果达到或超过了活性污泥法,既大幅度减少了剩余污泥产量和其他二次污染物,又可节约20％－45％的工程造价,50％－65％的运行费用,操作管理简单方便,对我国中小城镇具有巨大的应用潜力。     

Kinetic analysis of the anaerobic digestion of untreated vinasses and vinasses previously treated with Penicillium decumbens

A kinetic study was carried out on the anaerobic digestion of untreated vinasses and vinasses previously fermented with Penicillium decumbens. Two 1-l volume continuous-flow stirred tank reactors (CFSTR) operating at mesophilic temperature (35 degrees C) were used for the study. One reactor was fed with untreated vinasses (COD concentration of 80.5 g/l) and the other with vinasses previously fermented (COD concentration of 23.0 g/l). Both reactors were operated at organic loading rates in the range of 1.5-7.5 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/l-d. The results obtained were evaluated using the Chen-Hashimoto methane production model to determine the values of the maximum specific growth rate (micromax) and the model kinetic constant (K) of the process for each case studied. The kinetic constants (micromax and K) were affected by the pre-treatment, and the respective values were 9.6 and 6.9 times higher for pretreated vinasses than those of untreated vinasses. This was significant at the 95% confidence level. This behaviour is believed to be due to the lower levels of phenolic compounds present in the pretreated vinasses, as compared to untreated vinasses, resulting in an improved process performance, kinetics and stability. Finally, the experimental values of methane production were reproduced with deviations equal to or less than 4% and 10% for pretreated and untreated vinasses, respectively.     

五氯苯酚在厌氧颗粒污泥中的吸附研究

在血清瓶中进行的分批实验中,研究了UASB和EGSB反应器厌氧颗粒污泥对五氯苯酚(PCP)的吸附、解吸规律.结果表明,吸附和解吸在接触PCP 2.5 h内达到平衡,吸附和解吸过程都符合Freundich等温方程,PCP的吸附机制为恒定的分配吸附.来自UASB反应器中活的颗粒污泥吸附能力大于灭活的颗粒污泥,Freundich等温方程吸附常数K值分别为0.557 0和0.037 9.UASB反应器颗粒污泥对PCP的吸附能力大于EGSB反应器颗粒污泥,Freundich等温方程吸附常数K值分别为0.557和0.263.     

生活垃圾厌氧堆肥产甲烷特性研究

为了更好地利用厌氧处理产生的气体,在介绍模拟厌氧堆肥试验的基础上,对厌氧堆肥产甲烷的基本特性进行了研究。结果表明,在厌氧堆肥开始阶段20d左右,甲烷只有7．8％（质量分数,下同）左右,远远低于32．8％的二氧化碳;而随着反应的进行,二氧化碳呈下降趋势,甲烷先升高后降低,直到反应进行到第70天左右时,甲烷才逐渐高于二氧化碳,片于第90天左右时达到最高值42．0％;此后二氧化碳及甲烷都逐渐降低,但甲烷始终高于二氧化碳。     

1996年中国厌氧技术研究新进展

本文综合叙述了１９９６年度国内关于厌氧消化技术的研究，包括基础理论的研究，消化工艺的研究，以及厌氧消化应用于各种废物处理的研究。     

Anaerobic treatment of source-separated domestic bio-wastes with an improved upflow solid reactor at a short HRT

Anaerobic treatment is the core technology for resource and energy recovery from source-separated domestic bio-wastes. The higher efficiency of an improved upflow solid reactor(IUSR) designed in this study was demonstrated in the treatment of concentrated black water and kitchen waste. The highest methane production of 48 L/person/day was achieved at the hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 7 days, while the other measures of performance at the HRT of 8.3 days were better than at the HRT of 7 or 10 days, achieving a methane production of 43 L/person/day, removal of total chemical oxygen demand(TCOD)of 89%, removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD) of 92%, and conversion of chemical oxygen demand(COD) to methane of 71%. It is not recommended to decrease HRT lower than 7 days due to the instability of the initial period. The concentrations of volatile fatty acids(VFAs) in the IUSR were less than 10 mg/L, indicating that the anaerobic process was stable. Sludge bed development showed that sludge bed with high microbial activity was formed in the bottom and that the precipitation zone of effluents formed should preferably occupy 30% of the height of the IUSR. The effluents of the IUSR could be used for irrigation in agriculture in combination with a settling tank accompanied by disinfection to remove solids and pathogens.     

Overview of key operation factors and strategies for improving fermentative volatile fatty acid production and product regulation from sewage sludge

In recent years, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production through anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge, instead of methane production, has been regarded as a high-value and promising roadmap for sludge stabilization and resource recovery. This review first presents the effects of some essential factors that influence VFA production and composition. In the second part, we present an extensive analysis of conventional pretreatment and co-fermentation strategies ultimately addressed to improving VFA production and composition. Also, the effectiveness of these approaches is summarized in terms of sludge degradation, hydrolysis rate, and VFA production and composition. According to published studies, it is concluded that some pretreatments such as alkaline and thermal pretreatment are the most effective ways to enhance VFA production from sewage sludge. The possible reasons for the improvement of VFA production by different methods are also discussed. Finally, this review also highlights several current technical challenges and opportunities in VFA production with spectrum control, and further related research is proposed.