聚合物/表面活性剂二元体系对油水界面性质的影响

文章应用界面张力仪、Zeta电位仪和表面黏弹性仪测定了聚合物、表面活性剂及其二元复合体系的质量浓度对油水界面性质的影响,并应用透射电镜观察了采出液的液膜结构。结果表明,随着聚合物质量浓度的增加,油水界面的界面剪切黏度值和界面张力值增大,颗粒表面Zeta电位的绝对值增大;随着表面活性剂质量浓度的增加,油水界面的界面剪切黏度变化幅度很小,但界面张力显著减小,颗粒表面Zeta电位绝对值增大;聚合物与表面活性剂复合能够形成稳定的聚合体,具有较大的界面剪切黏度值,较小的界面张力和较高的Zeta电位值;体系中聚合物、表面活性剂及水中悬浮物形成了类似"晶体"结构。     

用油品的物理特性鉴别海面的溢油源

建立了用油品的物理特性鉴别海面溢油源的分析方法。主要对海面溢油风化过程中溢油的运动粘度和折射率的变化进行了探讨。结果表明 ,在所给出的多个油种的风化过程中 ,油种间的运动粘度变化存在着明显的差异。随着风化时间的延长 ,原油的运动粘度随着风化时间的延长而显著增加 ,重质燃料油虽略有递增却很不明显 ;轻质燃料油和润滑油的运动粘度均在缓慢地增加。润滑油和燃料油的折射率无明显的变化。运动粘度法鉴别溢油的准确度较高 ,其准确率可达 10 0 %。     

一株稠油降解菌的筛选及其产物乳化性能研究

稠油亦称重质原油,稠油中胶质和沥青质等大分子组分含量较高.通过以稠油为唯一碳源的摇瓶发酵和稠油平板实验,从辽河油田油水样中筛选获得一株稠油降解菌AD.对菌株AD发酵所产表面活性剂的CMC值、乳化活性、稠油降黏作用等进行了测定.结果表明,菌株AD产表面活性剂对原油具有较强的乳化、降黏作用,可耐高温和高浓度盐,适用于油藏微碱性环境,稠油降黏率最高可达81.7％,与曙光油田的地层水有较好的配伍性.     

生物酶破胶水基压裂液影响因素的试验研究

与其他压裂液破胶剂相比,生物酶破胶剂能很好地保护环境,而影响生物酶破胶水基压裂液效果的因素主要是底物的浓度、酶的加量、pH值以及破胶温度.本文采用正交试验设计,分析了各因素对生物酶破胶水基压裂液效果的影响程度,并分析了各因素不同水平对压裂液黏度的影响趋势,结果表明调整各因素的不同水平可以实现不同的压裂液黏度和破胶时间,...     

炼厂含油污泥与石油焦共成浆性及其影响因素

我国所加工的原油重质化和劣质化现象日益严重,导致以高硫石油焦、含油污泥为代表的副产物产量大幅增加,对生态环境构成了潜在威胁. 为利用成熟的水煤浆气化工艺对废物无害化处理,进行了炼厂含油污泥与石油焦制备高性能混合浆液的研究. 采用干磨湿配制浆工艺,考察了含油污泥与石油焦的共成浆性,分析了石油焦粒度分布、含油污泥添加量、温度、pH等对成浆性的影响. 结果表明:石油焦颗粒疏水性较强、比表面积小,其单独成浆时最佳粗细颗粒质量比为5.5∶4.5;含油污泥与石油焦共成浆时,其最佳添加量为3.0%;在30℃,pH为7~9条件下,可制得表观黏度低于1000mPa·s,稳定时间超过48h,流动性较好的混合浆液,可满足水煤浆气化无害化工艺的进料要求.      

Investigation of the propensity of sulfide concentrates to spontaneous combustion in storage

Spontaneous combustion of sulfide concentrates can cause many serious problems during storage. In this study, two representative samples (sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate and iron-rich sulfide concentrate) were investigated for the self-heating behavior using the crossing-point temperature (CPT) method. The corresponding apparent activation energies were determined, 13.7366 kJ/mol for iron-rich sulfide concentrate and 21.3817 kJ/mol for sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate. Furthermore, the surface temperatures of sulfide concentrate stockpiles in different seasons were also measured by a thermal image apparatus. It was found the temperature for iron-rich sulfide concentrate stockpile was higher than that for rich-sulfur sulfide concentrate stockpile. These research results show iron-rich sulfide concentrate exhibits stronger propensity to spontaneous combustion than sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate. Particular attention should be paid to the fire hazard of iron-rich sulfide concentrate in daily safety check work. The combination of the CPT method with the infrared thermal image measurement provides a new approach for the risk assessment on the propensity of sulfide concentrates to spontaneous combustion during the production, storage and transportation. The useful data and experience achieved in this investigation can be also referenced in similar cases later.     

A Literature Review of Poly(Lactic Acid)

A literature review is presented regarding the synthesis, and physicochemical, chemical, and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)(PLA). Poly(lactic acid) exists as a polymeric helix, with an orthorhombic unit cell. The tensile properties of PLA can vary widely, depending on whether or not it is annealed or oriented or what its degree of crystallinity is. Also discussed are the effects of processing on PLA. Crystallization and crystallization kinetics of PLA are also investigated. Solution and melt rheology of PLA is also discussed. Four different power-law equations and 14 different Mark–Houwink equations are presented for PLA. Nuclear magnetic resonance, UV–VIS, and FTIR spectroscopy of PLA are briefly discussed. Finally, research conducted on starch–PLA composites is introduced.     

城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液粘度研究

采用旋转粘度计测试了CODCr浓度为 10 0 0～ 75 0 0 0mg L、温度在 5～ 70℃范围内的渗滤液粘度。实验结果表明 ,相同温度下渗滤液的粘度值与CODCr浓度呈线性关系 ;不同浓度渗滤液中溶质性质的差异是造成渗滤液比浓粘度差异的原因 ;研究填埋场水分运移时 ,可以不考虑粘度对渗滤液流动的影响。     

新型絮凝剂聚环氧氯丙烷胺的合成研究

以环氧氯丙烷和二甲胺为原料,乙二胺为交联剂,制备有机阳离子聚合物,研究乙二胺加入量、反应温度、环氧氯丙烷和二甲胺的摩尔比、聚合时间等对聚合物粘度和阳离子度的影响,利用电子透射电镜(TEM)和电子扫描电镜(SEM)对聚合物的结构形貌进行了表征,结果表明,环氧氯丙烷和二甲胺的摩尔比为1．5：1,乙二胺加入量为3％时,聚合物的粘度和阳离子度最大,具有较强的吸附架桥和电中和作用,对染料废水有较好的脱色效果。     

用二阶闭合理论确定的大气扩散系数的分析

本文分析了作者以前得到的一种扩散系数的某些结果,认为这种扩散系数解释了垂直湍流和风切变的联合作用使水平扩散增大的实验观测结果;建立了与雷诺应力间的函数关系,在简化情况下,与泰勒理论得到的结论类似。在边界层低层,湍流扩散系数与粘性系数是不相等的,有时会有较大差别。