Effects of red-yellow soil acidification on seed germination of Chinese pine

Acid treatments significantly change the physical and chemical properties of red-yellos soil by lowering its pH value and leaching out aluminum(Al) ions that are harmful to the growth of plants.The structure of soil will be damaged,resulting in higher viscosity,higher water retention rate and lower air permeability of the soil.The germination rate of Chinese pine(Pinus tabulacformic Carr.)seeds sowed in soil treated with sulphuric acid(H2SO4) decreased compared to that for untreated soil.The direct cause was the large amount of Al ions leached out because of low pH values(≥3.5).The added acid decreased the soil aggregation and increased the number of micro-aggregates(under 250 μmin diameter).Such changes increased the soil‘s viscosity,which tied the pine needles to the soil after the seeds had germinated and prevented the seedlings from fully developing.     

MBR中好氧颗粒污泥的培养及其特性研究

以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥在膜生物反应器中培养好氧颗粒污泥,通过对3个培养阶段污泥生长情况的考察,研究了颗粒污泥的变化规律及特性.结果表明:污泥在培养初期MLSS和SV均增长缓慢,污泥沉降性能较差,但到成熟期ρ(MLSS)可以达到8 g·L-1左右,SV和SVI也由接种时的11.4%,34.9 mL·g-1增为42%,52.9 mL·g-1,整个培养过程只用了60 d.此外,颗粒污泥的表观性状及颗粒粒径在不同的时期也有鲜明的特征.     

中国健康青年女性全血比粘度参考值与地理因素的关系

收集了中国各地用毛细管法测定的健康青年女性全血比粘度参考值，并对其与地理因素的关系进行了研究，发现海拨高度是影响健康青年女性全血比粘度参考值最主要的因素，随着海拨高度的逐渐增大，健康青年女性全血比粘度参考值也在逐渐的增大，相关性很显著，推导出了一个回归方程，可以用回归方程估算某个地区的健康青年女性全血比粘度参考值．     

城市污泥脱水速率与泥饼含水率的表征差异性研究

通过试验获得了多种不同来源污泥的脱水表观指标值(比阻和粘度)与脱水性能参数值(脱水速率和滤饼含水率),并对其相关性进行了研究分析.研究结果表明,采用常规的表观指标表征污泥的脱水性能存在差异性,污泥比阻(SRF)可以很好地表征污泥的脱水速率,与其呈良好的负线性关系(调理前:R2=0.914,调理后:R2=0.839),而SRF与滤饼含水率的线性关系不显著,只能进行辅助或定性分析.粘度可以很好地表征污泥滤饼含水率(调理前:R2=0.936,调理后:R2=0.843);但仅在高粘度水平下,粘度与污泥脱水速率才表现出负线性关系,但拟合度较低(R2=0.647),在低粘度污泥体系中,粘度不是影响污泥脱水速率的关键因素.     

Influence of additives in the end‐use mixes of tebufenozide on deposition,adhesion and persistence in spruce foliage

Abstract

A commercial flowable formulation of tebufenozide, RH‐5992 2F [N'‐t‐butyl‐N'‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzoyl)‐N‐(4‐ethylbenzoyl) hydrazine], was diluted with water, water and canola oil, and water and the methyl ester of canola oil, to provide six end‐use mixes with concentrations of 35 and 70 g of active ingredient (Al) litre^‐1. The mixes were applied at 70 and 140 g Al ha^‐1 over white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] seedlings in a laboratory spray chamber and foliar concentrations of tebufenozide were determined over a 60‐d period. At intervals of time post‐spray, seedlings were sprayed with monosized droplets of Sunspray®11N as rainfall, and the amount of tebufenozide knocked off from foliage was determined. The potential energy of adhesion (PEA) of the Al particles on the foliage increased with time and varied according to the type of end‐use mix, its viscosity and the dosage sprayed.

The end‐use mixes were applied over white spruce trees under field conditions and persistence of tebufenozide was investigated. DT₅₀ values were influenced by the type of mix and dosage sprayed. Oil‐containing mixes and higher dosages increased the PEA of tebufenozide particles.     

利用含油污泥生产油煤水浆的实验研究

利用降粘技术,将高粘度含油污泥降粘为流动性良好的浆体。实验表明:合适的降粘剂加入量为1.0%。利用降粘后的含油污泥制备出具有良好浆体特性的油煤水浆。当降粘后含油污泥加入量分别为油煤水浆总量的20%和30%时,制备的油煤水浆粘度均小于300mPa.s,浆体粘度随温度升高不断降低,具有良好的剪切变稀特性。制备的油煤水浆不需加入稳定剂,一个月内未发生硬沉淀或分层现象,具有较好的稳定性。     

稠油降解微生物的筛选鉴定及其降解特性

从二连油田原油和油层水中筛选驯化出3株能够降解稠油的细菌DS1、DS2和DS3,通过16S rRNA基因序列比对发现DS1、DS2和DS3分别与溶血不动杆菌(Acinetobacter haemolyticus)、鹑鸡肠球菌(Enterococcus gallinarum)和耳炎短杆菌(Brevibacterium otitidis)相似度最高,分别为99%、99%和98%。研究结果表明,DS1对温度和pH有较强耐受性,DS3对盐度的适应性较好,2株菌最适的降解条件为温度35~40℃、盐度2%~5%(W/V)、pH为7~10。在5%的原油浓度下,复合菌对原油的30 d降解率达89.2%。经GC-MS分析,微生物降解作用后,除C29其他烃类几乎被全部降解。3株菌在7d内对500 g/L粘度为1 746 mPa·s(50℃)的稠油降粘率分别为49.1%、46.6%和49.0%,而复合菌对稠油的降粘效果高于单一菌株,其降粘率达到57.0%。     

聚合物驱采油污水稳定性的影响因素

研究了聚合物质量浓度、分子量及原油族组分对模拟含油污水油水界面性质的影响。实验结果表明：聚合物驱采油污水的稳定性不但与聚合物含量、分子量有关,还与原油中沥青质、胶质的含量有关;随着含油污水中阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）质量浓度的增加,油水界面张力逐渐下降,Zeta电位绝对值和油水界面剪切黏度逐渐上升;APAM分子量越小,油水界面张力降低的程度越大;随剪切速率的增加,油水界面剪切黏度均逐渐降低;当剪切速率小于0.30 s-1时,4种原油族组分对污水稳定性影响的大小顺序为沥青质>胶质>芳香分>饱和分;随沥青质、胶质含量的增加,油水界面张力明显降低,Zeta电位的绝对值显著增大。     

两性聚电解质絮凝剂的合成及特性粘数

研究了两性聚电解质絮凝剂的合成方法对其特性粘数的影响,发现单体配比、pH及聚合引发剂品种和剂量均对两性聚电解质絮凝剂的特性粘数有明显作用。     

Kinetic analysis for spontaneous combustion of sulfurized rust in oil tanks

In order to evaluate the spontaneous combustion hazards of sulfurized rust in oil tanks, one kind of rust was obtained from respiratory valve inner cavity of a crude oil tank in a petrochemical company. The rust was sulfurized in sulfuration experimental apparatus. The production was analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The EDS result shows that the main substances are FeS and FeS₂ which are liable to spontaneous combustion. The sulfurized rust gives a short length of side and diamond appearance, and a large pore size in structure based on X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The whole oxidation process has three complex stages. The corresponding apparent activation energy values, most probable mechanism functions and pre-exponential factor values were calculated by Madhusudanan–Krishnan–Ninan method and the master plot method. The results indicate that the first and third stages of mass loss are up to the power function mechanism, but the second stage accords with the nucleation and nucleus growth mechanism. The values of apparent activation energy increase successively from the first stage to the third stage. The second stage has the maximum pre-exponential factor value, while the first has the minimum. With the obtained parameters above, the oxidation process of sulfurised rust could be simulated, which would benefit for monitoring and early warning of oil tanks.