The inertial range “outer scale” and optical turbulence

The crucial parameter used to calculate turbulence effects upon light waves propagating through the atmosphere is known as the structure constant, . As Tatarski has shown, this parameter depends upon the “outer scale” of the inertial sub-range of the turbulence. Recently there have been successful predictions of astronomical “seeing” conditions at Mauna Kea Astronomical Observatory which have increased interest in this subject and in the use of the so-called “Dewan Optical Turbulence Model”. In the case of the Air Force, there has been a longstanding need for such optical turbulence prediction, especially in the stratosphere. In the past researchers have used a relation due to Tatarski, (which plays a prominent role in this model) in order to deduce values of the “outer scale” from measurements. When doing this, they have been surprised to find values very much smaller than expected. The goal of the paper is to explain this unexpected result. As we will show, this result can be explained by two factors: (a) the average turbulent layer thicknesses are smaller than originally believed, and, more importantly, (b) only a minor fraction of the stratosphere is turbulent. In order to arrive at this conclusion, we used the high-resolution (10 m) wind profiles that were originally used to formulate the previously mentioned optical turbulence model. The U.S. Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged.     

温州临江垃圾焚烧发电厂飞灰的性质研究

研究了温州临江垃圾焚烧发电厂生活垃圾焚烧产生飞灰的物理和化学性质。飞灰为含水率低、颗粒尺寸集中在43~175μm之间的灰色粉末,主要由Si、Al、Ca、Mg、Fe、Na、K、C和S元素组成。飞灰中Pb、Cd的浸出浓度在酸性条件下都不同程度地高于我国危险废物鉴别标准的允许浓度,其中Pb的浸出浓度在pH值1.06~13.69条件下远远超标,碱性条件下浸出毒性比酸性条件下小。矿物组成主要为石英(SiO2)、赤铁矿αFe2O3、钙长石CaO.Al2O3.2SiO2、钙铝黄长石2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2、KCl、NaCl、CaCO、PbO、TiO2、ZnCO3等,溶解盐含量高达19.5%,化学反应活性较强,热稳定性较差。     

龙岩市区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的种类和时空分布特征及来源

采用恒能量同步荧光法检测了龙岩市大气颗粒物样品中的多环芳烃(PAHs),比较了龙岩市区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃含量的差异以及不同季节对多环芳烃含量的影响,讨论了其分布规律及污染源。     

城市空气质量周报效用分析

介绍了世界上一些发达国家的空气污染预报的做法和采取的措施,阐述了我国开展空气质量预报的方针和方法,指出了周报是预报的基础工作。叙述了我国空气质量周报的污染参数的选取、污染指数的分级及其浓度限值和污染指数计算及确定,分析并总结了开展城市空气质量周报所发挥的效用是提高公众的环保意识,加大了治理污染的力度,转变了环境监测的职能,促进了环境监测事业的发展     

硫化物水样的稳定性研究

对硫化钠水样的制备及其稳定性进行了研究和讨论,找到一种长期稳定保存硫化钠标准溶液及硫化物标准样品的有效方法。     

抗坏血酸和铁系还原剂修复铬污染土壤

通过投加抗坏血酸(C₆H₈O₆)或铁系还原剂(FeCl₂,(NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂,FeS)对重庆某化工厂的Cr污染土壤进行修复。除FeS外,其余3种还原剂对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的还原率均达80%以上,稳定效率均超73%,且投加量为理论值3倍和4倍时的效果相差不大。C₆H₈O₆相比于铁系还原剂表现出更好的长期稳定性,4~30 d的Cr(Ⅵ)浸出质量浓度均低于《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)中Cr(Ⅵ)的浸出限值(1.5 mg/L)。投加3倍理论值C₆H₈O₆的土壤在30 d时的Cr(Ⅵ)浸出质量浓度仅为0.83 mg/L,稳定效率高达98.3%。除FeS外,其余3种还原剂均显著增加了土壤中Cr的残渣态占比。FeCl₂和(NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂会导致土壤pH降低。4种还原剂均未对土壤晶体结构产生明显影响。     

Composting of waste algae: A review

Although composting has been successfully used at pilot scale to manage waste algae removed from eutrophied water environments and the compost product applied as a fertiliser, clear guidelines are not available for full scale algae composting. The review reports on the application of composting to stabilize waste algae, which to date has mainly been macro-algae, and identifies the peculiarities of algae as a composting feedstock, these being: relatively low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, which can result in nitrogen loss as NH₃ and even N₂O; high moisture content and low porosity, which together make aeration challenging; potentially high salinity, which can have adverse consequence for composting; and potentially have high metals and toxin content, which can affect application of the product as a fertiliser. To overcome the challenges that these peculiarities impose co-compost materials can be employed.     

某热电厂灰坝工程坝坡稳定性分析

某热电厂灰坝由粘聚力较小的石渣填筑,而粘聚力较小的砂粘土、砂土、砾石、碎石等筑成的土坡、大坝,边坡破坏时其破裂面近似平面,在横断面上近似直线.利用此理论,在有渗水和无渗水作用时对该灰坝外侧坝坡进行稳定性分析.     

大气扰动下人－机系统建模与仿真

建立了人、机、大气环境扰动的动力学模型。形成一个便于仿真计算的人－机－环境系统模型，针对驾驶员完成俯仰跟踪任务，研究了大气扰动对驾驶员控制特性和人－机闭环特性的影响。     

南山铁矿风场及扩散规律风洞模拟研究

以风洞模拟方式研究中性层结条件下南山铁矿凹山采场地域边界层风场特征,并以示踪气体扩散摸拟方法给出该地域大气扩散参数的实验结果。