边坡稳定性自动机器学习预测方法研究

为了简便有效地评估边坡稳定性状态,针对目前传统机器学习的算法选择与超参数优化等难题,提出1种边坡稳定性自动机器学习预测方法。首先,简要介绍5种主流开源自动机器学习框架;其次,以422组边坡稳定性样本为数据集,进行自动机器学习纯自动化训练,并与传统机器学习对比分析模型的性能与耗时;最后,综合讨论与比较典型自动机器学习框架的特性。研究结果表明：自动机器学习预测效果总体上优于传统机器学习,提升边坡稳定性预测准确率和稳健性,且无需人为干预。研究结果可为岩土工作人员准确可靠地评价边坡稳定性提供便捷条件。     

不同围岩和埋深条件下高地温隧道围岩稳定性影响研究*

为了研究围岩等级及埋深对高地温隧道围岩稳定性的影响,以红河州建（个）元高速公路尼格隧道为工程背景,采用现场测试、正交试验及数值模拟相结合的方法,探讨围岩等级、埋深及温度对隧道围岩稳定的敏感性。研究结果表明:隧道拱顶沉降量随围岩等级及埋深的升高而增加,而隧道拱顶沉降量随围岩温度的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势,影响隧道拱顶沉降因素主次顺序为围岩等级、埋深及温度。将数值模拟与现场监测结果对比分析,验证数值模拟的可靠性及准确性。研究结果可为类似高地温隧道设计和施工提供参考。     

分区协同开采下矿柱力学响应与稳定性分析*

为解决某钒铁矿经多年开采后,由于钒铁矿矿区赋存条件变化导致开采相互制约、资源利用率低、矿柱积压矿量大以及井下采空区隐患大等问题,制定“保钒采铁、分区协同”的开采方案。通过矿柱强度理论对矿柱的强度和承受载荷进行计算,进而通过矿柱安全系数来判断矿柱的稳定性。通过FLAC3D软件对东、西区铁矿体进行数值模拟研究,通过对开挖后的位移云图、应力云图以及塑性区分布图来分析矿柱的稳定性。研究结果表明:针对某钒铁矿东、西区提出的嗣后膏体微胶结充填法及中区提出的分段空场法转分段崩落采矿法可提高矿柱的稳定性。     

放射性建材实物标准样品的研制

有证实物标准样品"石材放射性标准样品"、"陶瓷产品的放射性标准样品"及"粉煤灰砌块的放射性标准样品"适用于γ谱仪校准和考核相近基质样品中所含放射性核素226Ra、232Th和40K含量测定的准确性,覆盖了建材产品需要检验的所有核素,达到放射平衡。样品由8家权威放射性检测机构采用低本底多道γ能谱仪测量方法进行定值测量,均匀性和稳定性良好,以对人们的安全与健康提供保护。     

铀污染控制技术与还原态UO2(s)稳定性研究进展

铀U(Ⅵ)由于核裂变反应已被广泛用于核能利用和核武器开发,但铀矿开采与冶炼过程中,会向环境中释放一定量的铀。铀元素由于自身具有放射性危害和重金属毒性,因此,会引起一系列生态安全问题。为了实现铀污染控制与维持还原态UO2稳定性,在铀分离、还原等污染控制技术评述的基础上,着重阐述U(Ⅵ)被还原固定形成UO2(s)的稳定性及稳定性维持方法,并对铀污染治理进行了展望。     

电阻焊电极材料热变形行为的研究

电阻焊电极在焊接过程中 ,承受着高温、高压和高电流的作用 ,工作条件十分恶劣。在导电、导热性能差不多时 ,其高温热稳定性的好坏直接影响它的使用寿命。因此 ,针对 3种典型的电极材料 (CuCr,CuCrZrMg ,弥散铜 ) ,进行了热变形行为研究 ,通过分析在不同高温情况下的应力 应变曲线 ,从而确定其高温热稳定性及使用寿命长短。     

A new environmental chamber for evaluation of gas-phase chemical mechanisms and secondary aerosol formation

A new state-of-the-art indoor environmental chamber facility for the study of atmospheric processes leading to the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been constructed and characterized. The chamber is designed for atmospheric chemical mechanism evaluation at low reactant concentrations under well-controlled environmental conditions. It consists of two collapsible 90 m³ FEP Teflon film reactors on pressure-controlled moveable frameworks inside a temperature-controlled enclosure flushed with purified air. Solar radiation is simulated with either a 200 kW Argon arc lamp or multiple blacklamps. Results of initial characterization experiments, all carried out at 300–305 K under dry conditions, concerning NO_x and formaldehyde offgasing, radical sources, particle loss rates, and background PM formation are described. Results of initial single organic–NO_x and simplified ambient surrogate–NO_x experiments to demonstrate the utility of the facility for mechanism evaluation under low NO_x conditions are summarized and compared with the predictions of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism. Overall, the results of the initial characterization and evaluation indicate that this new environmental chamber can provide high quality mechanism evaluation data for experiments with NO_x levels as low as 2 ppb, though the results indicate some problems with the gas-phase mechanism that need further study. Initial evaluation experiments for SOA formation, also carried out under dry conditions, indicate that the chamber can provide high quality secondary aerosol formation data at relatively low hydrocarbon concentrations.     

γ-Al2O3负载Mn基催化剂低温催化臭氧氧化NO

利用等体积浸渍法制备γ-Al2O3负载Mn基催化剂,考察了掺杂元素种类,掺杂元素与Mn元素摩尔比以及煅烧温度对NO低温（100 ℃）催化氧化活性的影响,并对催化剂在有SO2或H2O的烟气中的稳定性进行了探究。结果表明,掺杂元素为Ce,Ce/Mn=0.4,煅烧温度为500 ℃条件下制备的催化剂NO催化活性最佳,在NO体积浓度为500×10-6,臭氧浓度为20.9 mg·L-1,n(O3)/n(NO)=0.2,反应温度为100 ℃,模拟烟气总流量为1.0 L·min-1,模拟烟气相对湿度为4%的条件下,NO的转化率最高可达70%。此外,还对催化剂在不同条件下的稳定性和活性恢复情况进行了探究。实验最终实现了在低O3浓度条件下达到较高NO转化率的目的,为烟气脱硝提供了一种具有应用潜力的新技术。     

Monitoring of air pollution by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans of pine needles in Korea

The atmospheric contamination levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were evaluated from the analysis of pine needles in South Korea. Pine needles were collected from 30 sampling points at five main cities in South Korea (Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Changwon and Jeju island). The highest concentrations of PCDDs/DFs (2.19–26.88 pg I-TEQ/g of dry weight) were measured at Busan, where is the city of the highest population density and traffic volume among five cities. The lowest concentration was detected at Jeju with 0.62 pg I-TEQ/g dry weight, suggesting Jeju could be an environmental background area in Korea. The dominant homologues of PCDDs/DFs in pine needles were the lower chlorine-substituted compounds such as tetra CDDs and CDFs, and the distribution ratios of PCDDs/DFs decreased with increase of the number of chlorine substituents. Homologue profiles of pine needle samples were similar to PCDDs/DFs profiles of the vapor phase in the ambient air, and thus the pine needles absorbed the vapor phase of PCDDs/DFs from air. Results suggested that pine needles could be used as an indicator of the atmospheric contamination for PCDDs/DFs in Korea.     

CuxFe1-x@γ-Al2O3催化剂湿式氧化陶瓷印花废水的性能及表征

采用常温浸渍法制备催化剂CuxFe1-x@γ-Al2O3,并用于陶瓷印花废水的催化湿式氧化处理,考察组分构成对催化剂CuxFe1-x@γ-Al2O3活性和稳定性的影响。结果表明：在4种样品Cu0.5Fe0.5@γ-Al2O3,Cu@γ-Al2O3,Fe@γ-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3中,Cu0.5Fe0.5@γ-Al2O3的催化活性和稳定性最高。催化剂Cu0.5Fe0.5@γ-Al2O3中的Fe促进Cu进入γ-Al2O3载体内部并形成稳定的固溶体Al2CuO4,故此催化剂的硬度和稳定性最高;此催化剂应用前后的SEM图无明显的形貌变化,XRD谱图无明显的物相变化,证实了其稳定性的存在。在优化的操作条件下,催化剂Cu0.5Fe0.5@γ-Al2O3催化湿式氧化陶瓷印花废水的COD及色度分别为280 mg·L-1、20倍,达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978-1996）中染料类废水的三级排放标准。