影响静电收尘效率的紊流掺混系数的研究

根据紊流传质原理，在Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｃｋｅｓ和Ｓｈａｕｇｈｎｅｓｓｙ方程的基础上从理论上定量地分析了紊流掺混系数以及对静电收尘效率的影响。该分析结果不仅反应了Ｓｅｌｆ和Ｇ等人的观测结果，而且与Ｒｉｅｈｌｅ等人所做的小型电除尘器的除尘效率测试结果基本一致。     

我国低纬度、亚热带地区的降水化学及其雨水酸化趋势分析

在世界上酸沉降研究尚为空白的低纬度、亚热带地区建立了酸沉降监测网。通过两年的监测，结果表明降水中酸度和离子总浓度季节变化明显，Ｃａ￣（２＋）和ＮＨ在降水离子构成中占百分率较高，阳离子总和略大于阴离子总和。两广地区降水酸度是雨水中多种阴、阳离子综合作用的结果，降水中ＳＯ浓度高的地区是ＳＯ＿２排放量高的地区，控制雨水逐年酸化趋势的唯一途径是限制ＳＯ＿２排放。     

Calculation method of quantum efficiency to TiO2 nanocrystal photocatalysis reaction

The quantum yield is an important factor to evaluate the efficiency of photoreactor.This article vires an overall calculation method of the quantum efficiency(Φ) and the apparent quantum efficiency(Φa) to the TiO2/UV photocatalysis system.Furthermore,for the immobility system(IS),the formulation of the faction of light absorbed by the TiO2 thin film is proposed so as to calculate the quantum efficiency by using the measured value and theoretic calculated value of transmissivity(T).For the suspension system(SS),due to the difficulty to obtain the adsorption coefficient(α) of TiO2 particulates,the quantum efficiency is calculated by means of the relative photonic efficiency(ζr)and the standard quantum yield(Φstandard).     

关于络合滴定的终点误差的研究

终合滴定是化学分析中的一个重要领域，它广泛应用于各生产部门和科学研究中，络合滴定的终点误差（TE）问题是关系到测定结果是否准确可靠性至涉及分析方法本身是否可靠的大问题，通过理论推导和试验验证，提出了除通常采用的计算方法外的几种络各滴定终点误差计算方法，使读者更进一步明确了有关终点误差的实质和计算运用。     

环境监测中的各种相关系数及其程序计算

本文介绍了用FoxPor语言编制的秩相关系数、相关系数和匹配度计算程序，可在环境监测中代替计算器使用，具有效率高、稳定好、操作简便等优点。     

入太湖污水中三态氮水质模型的研究

本文通过多次现场调查与室内实验的数据分析,对流入太湖污水中三态氮水质模型的建立进行了初步探讨。研究表明,模型的计算数值与现场实测数值基本一致。     

几种典型除尘器收集效率的扩散模型研究

在气流速度均匀假设下用扩散理论建立了在重力沉降室、离心式除尘器和静电除尘器中粉尘粒子的浓度分布，由此浓度分布模型和除尘效率定义得出这3种典型除尘器的分级除尘效率具有相同的表达式：η=1—exp(-Dλ^2L/u)．为了使这一由扩散理论导出的分级效率公式能够用于实际计算，给出了扩散系数D的确定方法和常数λ的计算式．     

Assessing microbial degradation of o-xylene at field-scale from the reduction in mass flow rate combined with compound-specific isotope analyses

In recent years, natural attenuation (NA) has evolved into a possible remediation alternative, especially in the case of BTEX spills. In order to be approved by the regulators, biodegradation needs to be demonstrated which requires efficient site investigation and monitoring tools. Three methods--the Integral Groundwater Investigation method, the compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and a newly developed combination of both--were used in this work to quantify at field scale the biodegradation of o-xylene at a former gasworks site which is heavily contaminated with BTEX and PAHs. First, the Integral Groundwater Investigation method [Schwarz, R., Ptak, T., Holder, T., Teutsch, G., 1998. Groundwater risk assessment at contaminated sites: a new investigation approach. In: Herbert, M. and Kovar, K. (Editors), GQ'98 Groundwater Quality: Remediation and Protection. IAHS Publication 250, pp. 68-71; COH 4 (2000) 170] was applied, which allows the determination of mass flow rates of o-xylene by integral pumping tests. Concentration time series obtained during pumping at two wells were used to calculate inversely contaminant mass flow rates at the two control planes that are defined by the diameter of the maximum isochrone. A reactive transport model was used within a Monte Carlo approach to identify biodegradation as the dominant process for reduction in the contaminant mass flow rate between the two consecutive control planes. Secondly, compound-specific carbon isotope analyses of o-xylene were performed on the basis of point-scale samples from the same two wells. The Rayleigh equation was used to quantify the degree of biodegradation that occurred between the wells. Thirdly, a combination of the Integral Groundwater Investigation method and the compound-specific isotope analysis was developed and applied. It comprises isotope measurements during the integral pumping tests and the evaluation of delta13C time series by an inversion algorithm to obtain spatially integrated mean isotope values at the control planes. It was shown that the Rayleigh equation is applicable to spatially integrated mean isotope values in order to obtain the mean biodegradation between the consecutive control planes. All three approaches yielded consistently a 98-99% degradation of o-xylene.     

Kinetics and mechanism of nitrite oxidation by hypochlorous acid in the aqueous phase

The rate coefficient for the reaction of nitrite with hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid has been studied using spectrophotometric measurements. The reaction rate has been determined in a wide range of H(+) concentration (5< or =-log[H(+)]< or =11). The kinetics were carried out as a function of NO(2)(-), H(+) and total hypochlorite ([HOCl](total)=[HOCl]+[ClO(-)]+[ClNO(2)]) concentrations. The observed overall rate law is described by: -d[HClO](T)dt=[a[NO(2)(-)](2)+b[NO(2)(-)]][H(+)](2)c+d[H(+)]+e[NO(2)(-)][H(+)](2)[HOCl](total)At T=298 K and in Na(2)SO(4) at an ionic strength (I=1.00 M), we obtained using a nonlinear fitting procedure: a=(1.83+/-0.36)x10(7) s(-1), b=(1.14+/-0.23)x10(5) Ms(-1), c=(1.12+/-0.17)x10(-13) M, d=(1.43+/-0.29)x10(-6) M(2) and e=(1.41+/-0.28)x10(3) M where the errors represent 2sigma. According to the overall rate law, a/b=k(1)/k(3), b/e=k(3), c=K(w), d/c=K(a), d=K(a)K(w) and e=K(1)K(a). In Na(2)SO(4) at an ionic strength (I=1.00 M), the values of K(1) and K(a) are (1.1+/-0.1)x10(-4) and 1.28x10(7) M(-1), respectively. A mechanism is proposed for the NO(2)(-) oxidation which involves the reversible initial step: NO(2)(-)+HOCl left harpoon over right harpoon ClNO(2)+OH(-) (K(1)), while ClNO(2) undergoes the two parallel reactions: attack by NO(2)(-) (k(1)) and hydrolysis (k(3)). ClNO(2) and N(2)O(4) are proposed as important intermediates as they control the mechanism. The rate coefficients k(1) and k(3) have been determined at different ionic strengths in NaCl and Na(2)SO(4). The influence of the ionic strength and ionic environment has been studied in this work.     

Experimental verification for real-time environmental emergency response system: WSPEEDI by European tracer experiment

Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute has developed an emergency response system WSPEEDI to forecast long-range atmospheric dispersions of radionuclides discharged into the atmosphere. The latest version of WSPEEDI consists of an atmospheric dynamic model MM5 for calculating meteorological fields and a particle random-walk model for atmospheric dispersion. The performance of WSPEEDI was evaluated by data obtained from a field tracer experiment over Europe (ETEX) in this paper. The model validation was done with respect to the following points: (1) the dependence of model accuracy on the temporal and spatial resolutions of the meteorological fields and (2) the superiority of an atmospheric dynamic model over a mass-consistent wind model. Regarding (1), it was shown that the calculation accuracy of the new version with high temporal resolution was improved, especially at the edge of the plume. Moreover, although the increase in horizontal spatial resolution of the old version had no substantial effect on the model performance, increase in horizontal resolution of the new version contributed to the significant improvement of the calculation accuracy. These results showed that the dynamically calculated meteorological field with the spatial resolution of the meso-β–γ scale greatly improved calculation accuracy.