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排序方式: 共有214条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
162.
Environmentally Sensitive Productivity Analysis of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Industry, 1959-1994: An Input Distance Function Approach 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
This study employs a parametric input distance function that incorporates both desirable and undesirable outputs to provide a more complete representation of the production technology from which environmentally sensitive productivity and efficiency measures can be generated. This framework also generates pollution abatement cost estimates that are useful for policy making. An input-based Malmquist index of productivity growth that appropriately credits the producer not only for increases in marketable or desirable outputs but also for the production of improved environmental quality through pollution abatement activities is derived from the input distance function. The method was applied to time series data from the Canadian pulp and paper industry. Our shadow price estimates indicate that the marginal cost to producers of pollution control has been rising. The main conclusion of this study is that productivity improvement, from the social viewpoint, has been stronger than conventional measures would suggest. 相似文献
163.
Craig A. Stow Leland J. Jackson S. R. Carpenter 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,55(3):435-444
We introduce a generalized form of the common first-order (exponential) decay model, that has potential utility for describing contaminant declines in environmental applications, particularly when declines are a mixture of many underlying processes. The exponent on contaminant concentration is left as a free parameter allowing the order of the reaction to be determined by the data. The mixed-order model is more flexible than models with the exponent determined a priori, facilitating an improved fit to observed behavior. We demonstrate the utility of this model, and compare it to two other models, by estimating PCB concentration declines in Lake Michigan fishes. 相似文献
164.
Shang-Shyng Yang 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1998,20(4):245-249
To investigate the relationship between methane production in the sediments and pollution of the river and lake, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the water sample, organic matter content and methane production of the sediment were measured. Experimental results indicated that BOD, COD and organic matter contents were low in Bei-tan Lake, the I-lan River and reservoirs; and methane production of these sediments ranged from 0.24 to 1.06 mg L- 1. However, BOD, COD and organic matter contents were high in the Hsin-dan River, Keelung River, drainage river of Taoyuan County, park pond and fishery pond. Methane production of these sediments was between 11.75 and 54.54 mg L-1. Sediments of drain river and fishery pond had high methane production, at 25.41 to 54.54 mg methane L. Methane production of sediments had a good correlation with BOD, COD and organic matter contents. Methane production was proportional to the increment in incubation temperature from 12 to 40C. 相似文献
165.
陈胜昌 《环境监测管理与技术》2007,19(1):52-53
阐述了BOD5与溶解氧之间的相关性,提出可以通过溶解氧和水温估算BOD5值,但是,首先要建立水样稀释前溶解氧与BOD5的相关关系.举例说明了对地表水中BOD5值的估算和稀释倍数确定的应用. 相似文献
166.
通过实验,对比研究了采用商业混合菌种(Polyseed)改进传统方法测定BOD5的可行性。研究结果表明,相比于采用地表水作为接种水的传统方法,采用进口商业混合菌种配制接种稀释水BOD5(空白值)更稳定,可以改进传统BOD5测定方法,使得日常监测工作更为便捷。 相似文献
167.
生活污水中BOD5与CODCr关系的区域性差异分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
生活污水含有大量可降解有机物,在厌氧条件下可以产生温室气体.IPCC(联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会)指南提供的计算温室气体的方法中,BOD5和CODCr是计算CH4排放的重要参数.以BOD5和CODCr生化构成特性和数学模型为基础,对2005年347家城镇污水处理厂的ρ(BOD5)和ρ(CODCr)数据进行分析,研究生活污水中ρ(BOD5)与ρ(CODCr)关系的区域性差异.结果表明,生活污水中ρ(BOD5)与ρ(CODCr)间的相关关系存在明显的区域特征,这种区域性差异主要由污水的来源和其理化特性决定.总体来看,ρ(BOD5)/ρ(CODCr)值基本在0.4~0.5之间.在省级温室气体估算过程中,各省区可采用本地特有的ρ(BOD5)/ρ(CODCr)值,进行源自生活污水的CH4排放计算. 相似文献
168.
Kuravappullam Vedaiyan Radha 《环境质量管理》2023,32(3):301-312
This study focuses on a lab-scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) treating vegetable oil wastewater with high BOD and COD. The fabricated RBC was checked for efficiency in degrading polluted wastewater under different operating conditions. The maximum removal efficiencies for BOD and COD were 95.75% and 89%, respectively. This high removal percentage was obtained with 30% submergence of 10 discs rotating at 8 rpm. For the first time, bio-kinetic models were applied to the experimental results for vegetable oil wastewater. The best fit was obtained with the modified Stover-Kincannon and Grau model. The saturation constant (Ks) values were 1.872 and 3.024 g/L/d for BOD and COD, respectively, for the modified Stover-Kincannon and Grau model. For the Grau second-order model, the saturation constant was 1.416 and 3.744 g/L/d for BOD and COD, respectively. The predicted effluent BOD and COD values of the modified Stover–Kincannon model fitted almost exactly with the experimental values. This clearly predicts that this model can be best used to predict effluent BOD and COD concentration in a Rotating Biological contactor treating vegetable oil wastewater. The kinetic parameters determined in this study can be used to improve the design and operation of continuous mode RBC systems. 相似文献
169.
170.
The objective of the present research is to compare fecal coliform removal from two different sand column systems treating septic tank effluent over a range of hydraulic loading rates. Drain time measurements were performed to compare the hydraulic characteristic of the column systems at different hydraulic loading rates. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and pH were also measured for the septic tank effluent. A removal of the order of 99% for fecal coliform, TSS, and BOD in column effluent was achieved using the sand filter columns. The ‘break‐in’ period for determining the effectiveness of the sand filter columns is also discussed. 相似文献