提高水中BOD5测定质量的探讨

介绍了环境空气质量、分析用水、接种液加入量、曝气方法的选择等因素对BOD5测定的影响。提出测定过程中实验室空气质量、分析用水的选择、接种液的选择和加入量以及曝气方法应注意事项,以期得到较为准确的测定结果,提高废水中BOD5测定质量。     

用二氧化氯降解废水中的苯胺类化合物（2）──降解机理的探讨

本文在上文（１）的基础上，进一步研究了经二氧化氯处理前后ＢＯＤ＿５／ＣＯＤ的变化规律，其比值大于或接近０．３．其降解产物有醌及醌的氧化产物和ＮＨＩ．对苯胺及二氧化氯来说其．反应级数为１，整个反应为二级反应．     

生化需氧量(BOD_5)测定接种菌剂的研究

利用从市政污水中筛选的3株菌株制备成BOD5接种冻干粉剂,用于BOD5接种。实验确定了冻干粉接种菌剂最佳制备条件。以葡萄糖和谷氨酸配制的标准溶液(GGA)和实际废水为实验对象,完成了制得菌剂与传统接种液(土壤浸出液)及国外商业菌种Polyseed的性能对照。用接种菌剂接种测定GGA的测定结果均在180~230 mg/L,满足标准要求,接种菌剂、土壤浸出液和Polyseed的标准偏差分别为3.60、8.34、2.87 mg/L,测定实际废水的标准偏差分别为8.5、33.26、.0 mg/L。     

宜宾附近金沙江、岷江和长江TP、BOD5和CODMn含量的季节性变化

本文报道了宜宾附近金沙江、岷江和长江2001~2005年TP、BOD5和CODMn含量的季节性变化,并初步分析了原因。研究表明,金沙江和岷江的TP和BOD5含量的季节性变化规律基本一致。金沙江和岷江的丰水期/平水期/枯水期的TP含量比值分别为1/0.74/0.43和1/0.59/0.73。两江TP含量丰水期高于平水期和枯水期,主要是由于丰水期含沙量高的缘故。金沙江和岷江的丰水期/平水期/枯水期的BOD5含量比值分别为1/0.84/1.45和1/1.30/3.38。岷江BOD5含量的丰水期/枯水期比值(3.38)远高于金沙江(1.45),可能是岷江中游成都平原和下游乐山-宜宾丘陵区人口稠密区的污染物排放量大的缘故。金沙江丰水期的BOD5含量高于平水期,可能和丰水期河水含沙量高、泥沙含有机物有关。金沙江和岷江CODMn含量的季节性变化差异较大。金沙江丰水期>平水期>枯水期,比值为1/0.74/0.43;金沙江的CODMn含量的季节性变化与TP一样,主要受含沙量的影响。岷江CODMn含量丰水期和枯水期高,平水期低,比值为1/0.74/1.08。岷江丰水期高与含沙量有关;枯水期高与河水污染严重有关。金沙江和岷江CODMn含量的季节性变化差异较大,金沙江丰水期/平水期/枯水期的比值为1/0.74/0.43;岷江为1/0.74/1.08.金沙江的CODMn含量的季节性变化与TP一样,主要受含沙量的影响。岷江丰水期和枯水期相当,可能是由于丰水期含沙量高,而枯水期流量小,河水污染严重。最后,比较了宜宾挂弓山断面和三峡库首朱沱断面的TP、BOD5和CODMn含量,朱沱断面的BOD5含量高于挂弓山断面,显然是宜宾-朱沱河段接纳了沱江等四川盆地支流汇入的大量污染物质的缘故。     

长寿命BOD微生物传感器的研究

本研究将从淀粉厂活性污泥中分离筛选出的一种性能优良的腊状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Cereus)用高分子等材料包埋制成薄膜,与氧电极组合成BOD传感器。经对其技术性能进行测试表明,间断使用寿命已达16个月以上;对BOD标准物质线性响应范围5—60mg/L;响应时间不大于8min;测定环境标样平均误差1％,变异系数5.1;与BOD_5经典法同步测定废水样品结果相关性良好。     

Abating whey organic load through ethanol and lactic acid production by kefir

Abstract

The extent to which selected ethanol and lactic acid production bioprocesses contribute to whey waste abatement was examined. Alcoholic fermentation of whey was carried out by kefir cells immobilized on grape stalks, delignified cellulosic materials, or brewer's spent grains. Lactic acid fermentation was also performed by free kefir cells with or without addition of brewer's spent grains as promoting material. Since whey fermentation rate is affected by the lactose uptake rate, ¹⁴C-labeled lactose was used to study the fermentation ability of kefir. The highest reductions in biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of whey, about 68% and 52%, respectively, were achieved by lactic acid fermentation in 6 h at 37 °C and pH 5.5, in the presence of 120 g brewer's spent grains. Additionally, at the same conditions, the highest ¹⁴C-labeled lactose uptake rate by kefir and consequently the highest alcoholic fermentation rate were also recorded. However, greater reductions in biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of whey are required prior to final disposal.     

微生物传感器快速测定水中BOD的研究与探讨

对大量不同行业和水样的实际样品进行BOD微生物传感器快速测定法与五日生化需氧量法(BOD5)的比对分析,在此基础上,指出了BOD快速测定法的注意事项以及应用范围.     

海水BOD自动测定仪

适用于淡水的BOD测定仪已经成型,海水盐度高,BOD浓度低,测定仪样品传输及测量的精度和微生物传感器菌种的耐盐性,给构建海水BOD自动测定仪带来困难.以溶解氧电极微生物传感器法为基础,依据海水BOD测定的技术特点,分析样品传输系统、恒温系统和信号采集与处理系统的技术要求,并筛选耗氧耐盐菌种作为微生物传感器的菌株,构建了海水BOD测定仪.用该测定仪测定海水标样,测定结果与标准稀释法测定的BOD5具有良好的相关性和准确度.     

Assessing the biodegradation potential of polymers in screening- and long-term test systems

This paper presents a test scheme for assessing the biodegradation potential of polymers, starting with aquatic screening systems (aerobic and anaerobic) and continuing to long-term systems. At the end of the scheme the material has to prove its behavior under the relevant disposal conditions. Aerobic screening was performed mainly under aquatic conditions, but also in soil, using BOD-respirometry. Carbon balances were performed to obtain a better evaluation of the biodegradation potential. Under anaerobic conditions, biodegradation in an aquatic medium was followed by measuring CH₄ and CO₂ production. Polymers not fully degraded in the screening systems were tested in aquarium systems for at least 1 year. Biodegradation was followed by monitoring the DOC released in the water, mass loss, and microbial growth on the samples and in the water as well as via FTIR spectroscopy and SEM pictures. Results are presented for the polymers PHB, PHBV, PCL, Mater-Bi AI05H and ZF03U, and Bioceta. By combining the data from the screening with the aquarium system, a good picture of the degradation behavior of the polymers is obtained.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Third National Meeting, June 6–8, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts.