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31.
黄河流域水资源价值的计算与分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用经济杠杆的调节作用促使水资源的高效利用,是缓和水资源供需矛盾的有效措施之一。本文以水资源价值理论为基础,从黄河全流域水资源优化配置角度出发,以利用水资源获得最大经济效益为目标,测算了黄河水资源的理论价值,为制定黄河水资源费的征收标准提供科学的理论依据。 相似文献
32.
Long-term stationary studies on the ecology of the northern mole vole (Ellobius talpinus Pall.), performed by the mark–recapture method from 1985 to 1997, have provided original data on population dynamics and structure. The analysis shows that, to reveal cyclic fluctuations of population size in this species, the period of three years should be taken as a unit of time for estimating the duration of one phase. The 12-year population cycle in E. talpinus has four distinct phases: an increase, a peak, a decline, and a minimum. At each phase, the population is characterized by certain features of family structure, age composition, birth and death rates, and the composition of migrants. 相似文献
33.
湖北省土地资源遥感调查与评价 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
根据1999年TM影像解译了湖北省土地利用现状,然后以土地利用现状图为基础,采用地理信息系统技术,结合湖北省的实际情况,选择土壤、地形、坡度等评价因子,对湖北省土地资源进行了适宜性评价,简要地将全省土地资源划分为九等。评价结果表明:湖北省水热条件好,土地适宜性广,宜农林牧业同时利用的土地广泛分布;但是该省的基本农田面积小,土地垦殖率高,低产田面积大,后备耕地资源严重不足;土地利用结构与土地资源的供给条件、利用要求不相适宜,利用效益末得到充分发挥。 相似文献
34.
On-going population growth and resulting domestic demand for water require rapid and effective decision-making as regards groundwater management and control of the various sources of salinization and pollution in Coastal aquifers. Sustainability of water resources for utilization by future generations must therefore be a high priority, not only for the purpose of fulfilling needs for water usage but also for bringing people into harmony with their ambient natural environment.The objective of this paper is to propose an empirical approach for prioritization of the needs involved for sustainable aquifer management. The approach involves a schematic format to:(1) develop a global understanding of an aquifer's hydrological and environmental properties in order to delineate appropriate eco-hydrological scenarios and recommend corresponding operational management activities; and(2) emphasize the importance of educating and increasing the awareness of the population involved as to the need for and viability of socially acceptable measures for sustainable management of groundwater and other resources.The psychologist Abraham Maslow utilized a pyramid to illustrate that until people's most basic needs were fulfilled, higher levels of needs would remain irrelevant. This paper postulates a comparable pyramid prioritizing hydrological needs required for progressing towards sustainable groundwater resources. Two sub-regions of Israel's Coastal aquifer in the Sharon region have been presented as representative areas, each characterized by different stress of exploitation. In assessing these sub-regions situation, specific measures have been recommended for achieving and/or maintaining sustainable groundwater resources in light of the ambient environment, and the level of the population on the pyramidal hierarchy of groundwater needs. 相似文献
35.
母岩的风化剥蚀速率与土壤允许流失量的关系 --以长江三峡坝区风化花岗岩土壤为例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
土壤允许流失量的确定是一个非常复杂而又必须解决的问题,它关系到水土保持措施的布设和土壤的可持续利用。然而,发育在不同母质上的土壤,其土壤的最大允许流失量差异很大,确定这一值的依据也各不相同。在岩成土壤地区,母岩风化剥蚀速率的大小直接影响土壤的发育。是确定土壤允许流失量、分析人类加速水土流失的重要依据之一。选长江三峡黄陵背斜段风化花岗岩土壤为研究对象,根据剥蚀沉积相关原理,通过恢复古地理环境及时代,计算出新生代以来本区花岗岩的平均风化剥蚀速率为16.97mm/ka.最大剥蚀速率为49.56。又根据区内太平溪流域的泥沙资料,算出了当地现代的剥蚀速率,多年平均为297.7mm/ka,最小值为31.5mm/ka,而水利部颁布的当地土壤允许流失量为200t/km^2,a,折合为76.9mm/ka,二者相差近1.5—4.5倍。基于此。提出了确定土壤允许流失量必须参考母岩风化剥蚀速率的新观点。 相似文献
36.
长江三峡区间数字流域水系的构建 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
任立良 《长江流域资源与环境》2002,(1)
基于全球陆地一公里基础高程GLOBE数据 ,采用Martz和Garbrecht研制的数字高程流域水系模型自动提取长江三峡万县~宜昌区间的河网水系、各子流域分水线、河网与子流域编码及河网结构拓扑关系 ,从而构成该区域的数字流域和数字水系。结果表明该模型生成的水系是可以接受的 ,与 1:10万地形图上长江三峡万县~宜昌区间的水系一致 ,这为空间分布式模型的建立提供了必备的空间信息数据。最后 ,探讨了数字流域水系在流域生态学中的应用前景 ,构建的数字水系可为中尺度以上流域水体和水生生物的资源保护与合理利用提供决策平台 ,服务于社会经济的可持续发展。 相似文献
37.
长江三峡地区坡地发育初步研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
坡地发育是地貌学研究的基本问题之一。三峡地区坡地发育的研究对三峡库岸稳定性的评估和三峡移民的土地开发具有十分重要的意义。首先从概括坡地发育的研究进展,阐述科学家们对坡地发育的不同看法入手,引出三峡地区坡地发育的特殊性。初步研究三峡地区的坡地发育具有分段式分进的特点,包括中山峰陡坡的剥蚀后退过程,山顶缓坡的风化剥蚀夷平的过程,上段斜坡的片流坡地侵蚀过程,下段陡坡的剥坡后退过程,山麓堆积缓坡的剥蚀过程等。通过分析三峡地区坡地的五种坡段的成因、现状、发展趋势以及它们对三峡库区的稳定性和三峡移民的土地开发的影响,预测未来的三峡库岸,大部分为剥蚀陡坡,部分为崩塌滑坡陡坡,三峡沿岸城镇开发建设的重点将是库岸有坡地的防护工程。 相似文献
38.
The main purpose of this study is to assess economic vulnerability of small island development regions as part of their sustainability constraints. By combining economic and environmental time series data, we assessed a composite index of economic vulnerability which is constructed from three exogenous variables, namely economic exposure, economic remoteness, and economic impact of environmental and natural disasters. We used the Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan as the case studies for this paper.The results indicated that using a gross island products based valuation index, Kikaijima is the most vulnerable island in the Amami Islands with a composite economic vulnerability index (CEVI) value of 0.678, while by using a per capita based index, Okinoerabujima is considered the most vulnerable island with a CEVI value of 0.680. From the results we also revealed that smaller islands have relative higher vulnerability than the bigger one, which also confirms some previous country-level vulnerability studies.However, it is matter of fact that some islands that have relatively high vulnerability also have good economic performance as shown by their per capita income. In this regard, it can be argued that the success of these small islands could have been achieved in spite of and not because of their inherent vulnerability conditions as an indicator of sustainability constraint. Regarding these findings, we also examined a comparison between vulnerability results and the preliminary concept of an island's resilience in order to capture another perspective on sustainability assessment in a small island region. 相似文献
39.
Methodological Basis of Ecological Safety Standards for the Technogenic Impact of Mineral Resource Exploitation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new methodological approach to the development of biological and technological safety standards for the impact of underground mining on the natural biota is proposed. 相似文献
40.
N. O. Kin 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2008,39(4):254-260
Heavy metal accumulation by plant communities has been studied in different zones of impact of gas field development. The contents of heavy metals in different blocks of plant communities has proved to depend not only on the location of phytocenosis but also on its species composition. Communities dominated by species of the family Poaceae contain smaller amounts of heavy metals than those dominated by species of the family Asteraceae, especially of the genus Artemisia. The order of precedence in the accumulation of heavy metals in different blocks of plant communities has been revealed. 相似文献